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Repurposing halophilic α-amylase for future biotechnological applications
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1  Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Academic Editor: Tzanko Doukov

Abstract:

Halophiles are a class of extremophiles growing under salty environments. They have emerged as a valuable repository of many polyextremophilic enzymes finding diverse industrial applications. Enzymes used in industry must remain stable in challenging operating environments. In this context, the enzymes from extremophiles can be of great use because they are resistant to, and capable of catalysis under, extreme physical conditions. Halophilic enzymes show great potential for use in industrial applications that involve high salt or hypersaline conditions. Additionally, they have been optimized to function under polyextreme conditions, such as high pH and temperature, and the presence of hydrophobic solvents. Halophilic α-amylase from halophiles can find wide applications in starch processing, food industries, and saline starchy waste treatment. In this context, α-amylase from Marinobacter sp. EMB8 has been studied in detail, and its production, purification, characterization, and application in maltooligosaccharide synthesis have been carried out. Besides that, several halophilic amylases have been studied and characterized across the globe. Because of their polyextremophilicity, their use has been potentiated for maltooligosaccharide synthesis, detergent application, starch hydrolysis, and the bioremediation of starch- and solvent-containing wastes. Furthermore, halophiles are an ideal chassis for enzyme production through a cost-effective non-sterile fermentation approach. Due to their high salt demand for growth, they have been recognized as a natural option for non-sterile fermentation in recent years. Because non-sterile fermentation does not require sterilizing processes, it is easier to maintain, has a simpler bioreactor design, and is easier to operate than sterile fermentation. Salt inhibits the growth of non-halophilic/ mesophilic bacteria. Therefore, it is possible to synthesize the metabolites that are produced by halophiles using open, continuous fermentation procedures without any contamination. It turns out that producing α-amylase in non-sterile circumstances is cost-effective and a big step forward for their biotechnological application.

Keywords: Halophiles; α-Amylase; Enzymes; Non-sterile fermentation

 
 
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