Nanomaterials are substances with unique properties due to their intrinsic confinement effect and high surface area that enable their use in biology and medicine for sensor applications. The key feature of nanomaterials in such applications is to provide sensitivity enhancement for sensors. On the other hand, nanomaterials possess the ability to change the biological function of cells or tissues; it is from this point of view that nanomaterials can be considered to befunctional. As far as biosensor application is concerned, it is important to optimize the determination of the target molecule in spatial and temporal modes. The purpose of the presented work is to study the effect of functional nanomaterials on the growth (the temporal component) and morphology (the spatial component) of cell culture. The reason was to provide culture conditions where an increase in both the spatial and temporal components of configuration would be achieved for sensor needs to be optimized. Since microalgae have a wide range of possibilities for practical use in medicine, pharmacology and various industries, studying the effect of nanomaterials on their growth and development is very important. It was found that ZnO nanomaterial, which was obtained by volumetric electrospark dispersion, had a concentration-dependent effect on both the growth rate and the color intensity of Chlamydomonas monadina microalgae culture. ZnO functional nanomaterial thus performed the optimization of target molecule formation for biosensor applications. The obtained results will be used in astaxanthin research. Due to its special chemical structure, astaxanthin is an antioxidant of unique strength, which is 10 times more effective than beta carotene and 100 times more effective than vitamin E. This substance can be extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae culture. ZnO nanomaterial appears to be suitable for use in optimal sensor applications.