The lifting tonnage of large prefabricated components is heavy, and the adverse condition of partial load hoisting often occurs, which is conducive to dangerous accidents. In order to improve the synchronization control precision of hydraulic cylinders in lifting equipment, a synchronous control strategy combining IGWO-BP-PID (improved gray wolf optimization and back propagation proportion integration differentiation) and state difference feedback is studied. Firstly, the hydraulic cylinders are divided into two groups in the longitudinal direction by analyzing the structure of the special lifting equipment and the hydraulic principle. The gray wolf position is updated in the GWO to achieve the optimization of BP-PID parameters through IGWO. Then, three controllers are used to analyze the system control, and the control effect of IGWO-BP-PID is verified. Finally, the synchronous control strategy combining IGWO-BP-PID and state differential feedback is adopted to jointly simulate the hydraulic cylinders in AMESim/Simulink, and this is compared and analyzed with the experimental data. The results show that the IGWO-BP-PID controller has no overshoot and a better control effect. Compared with conventional PID control, this proposed method shortens the oscillation adjustment time of the hydraulic cylinders, and the synchronization control accuracy is higher. The validity of the synchronization control strategy for lifting equipment is verified through a field test on lifting an off-loaded, large prefabricated component.