As the main mineral component of bone tissue, hydroxyapatite (HAp) shows promising potential in bone tissue engineering due to its similarity to the natural component of bone tissue and its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. Understanding the processes for obtaining hydroxyapatite and its properties is key to the further development of modern bone tissue engineering techniques to improve the effectiveness of regenerative therapies for trauma and osteoarticular diseases. The wet precipitation method is an effective technique for obtaining hydroxyapatite (HAp) in bone tissue engineering. The process is simple, scalable and allows precise control of parameters such as temperature and pH. The advantage of this method is that HAp with different morphologies and microstructures can be obtained by modifying the process conditions. In addition, it is an economically attractive technique due to the low cost of raw materials and the simplicity of the process. The conclusion is that the wet precipitation method is a promising option for producing HAp for bone tissue engineering applications. The presented work presents a method for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and its detailed characterization. The chemical composition and morphological properties were determined using the following research techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, electron microscopy observations, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate great potential for the application of bioceramics in medical applications.

The novelty of the presented work is the combination of selected calcium phosphates with titanium alloy via sintering. As a result of this work, porous gradient structures were obtained, which were then evaluated for physicochemical properties using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, XRD.

The authors gratefully the acknowledge financial support from the project “New Generation of Bioactive Laser Textured Ti/Hap Implants”, under acronym “BiLaTex”, carried out within the M-ERA.NET 3 Call 2022 program in the National Centre for Research and Development (ERA.NET3/2022/48/BiLaTex/2023).