This study presents a systematic approach to developing novel antidiabetic dosage forms utilizing Vigna mungo (VM) polymer microbeads fabricated via the ionotropic gelation method. The Vigna mungo (VM) polymer was extracted and isolated from the seeds of Vigna mungo using a non-solvent induced precipitation method. The VM biopolymer's intrinsic biodegradability and widespread availability render it an appealing candidate for sustainable pharmaceutical development. The formulation and characterization of the VM polymer in various proportions are delineated, alongside the preparation of uniform microbeads through ionotropic gelation. A 2:1 proportion of sodium alginate and VM was the initial concentration for the microbeads' formulation. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ensured their uniformity and structural integrity. Incorporating Vildagliptin, a model antidiabetic drug, into these microbeads enabled assessment of their morphological characterization, drug loading efficiency, release kinetics, and stability under simulated physiological conditions. In vitro drug release studies exhibited 12 hours of drug release, which is appropriate for maintaining extended drug release and meeting the therapeutic objectives for diabetes. Evaluation through in vitro studies, alongside the biocompatibility and biodegradability assessments, underscored the safety and sustainability of the VM polymer microbeads. Overall, this study underscores the potential of VM biopolymers as versatile excipients in antidiabetic formulations, offering promising avenues for addressing the global diabetes burden through innovative and sustainable therapeutic interventions.