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The effect of silicic acid and alcoholic beer intake on the excretion of chromium and vanadium and their deposition in the brains of mice chronically exposed to aluminium nitrate
* 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 5
1  Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
2  Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
3  Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
4  Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
5  Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
6  Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental. IMIDRA. Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Academic Editor: Carla Masala

Abstract:

The effect of aluminium (Al) exposure and silicon (Si) intake on the levels of chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V) in mouse brains was studied. Six-week-old male NMRI mice were divided into four groups. Three groups received Al(NO3)3 at a dose of 450 μg/ml for three months; meanwhile, the fourth group only received deionised water. The first group received aluminium nitrate (Al group); the second group aluminium nitrate and silicic acid (50 mg/ml); and the third group aluminium nitrate and commercial beer. Metals were monitored by ICP-OES in the right hemibrain, faeces, urine and blood. V was only detected in the faecal samples, being significantly higher in the Al group (4.132 vs. 3.383, 3.100 and 3.315; groups 4, 2 and 3, respectively; all in μg/g; p-value=0.038). Conversely, lower and significantly lower levels of Cr were detected in the faeces (2.867 vs. 3.155, 2.270 and 2.550 μg/g; p-value=0.296) and blood (0.187 vs. 0.158, 0.197 and 0.211 μg/l; p-value=0.013) in the Al group, respectively, as well as in the urine (0.00047 vs. 0.00069, 0.00060, 0.00065 μg/μmol creatinine; p-value=0.311), suggesting a potential effect of Al intoxication on the metabolism of Cr. These unknown effects might explain the lower levels of Cr that were detected in the intoxicated animals’ brains (0.346 μg/g). Thus, the intoxicated animals that were provided with Si showed Cr brain levels slightly higher than those in the Al group (0.360 and 0.352 vs. 0.346 μg/g; p-value=0.552). The consumption of beer/silicic acid appears to partially block the negative effects of aluminium ingestion on the normal metabolism of chromium.

Keywords: Chromium, vanadium, aluminium intoxication, silicon, brain accumulation.
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