Introduction: The development of controlled drug delivery systems is critical in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the side effects of medications. Thermally responsive hydrogels are particularly advantageous due to their ability to modulate drug release in response to temperature changes, providing a targeted and efficient delivery mechanism.

Methods: In this study, the Xanthan gum hydrogel was fabricated using a cost-effective and straightforward approach involving a solution mixing method followed by a freeze-thawing crosslinking process. For drug loading, the hydrogel was immersed in a Metronidazole solution, allowing the drug to be absorbed into the hydrogel matrix.

Results and discussion: The prepared hydrogels were subjected to a series of analyses to characterize their properties and assess their suitability as drug carriers. Mechanical testing demonstrated the robustness of the hydrogels. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous structure conducive to drug loading and release. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful incorporation of Metronidazole within the hydrogel. Thermal analysis highlighted the stability of the hydrogel under physiological conditions. Swelling behavior studies indicated a significant increase in hydrogel volume in response to temperature changes, facilitating controlled drug release. The drug release profile showed a sustained release of Metronidazole over time, while antimicrobial activity assays confirmed the retained efficacy of the drug post-release.

Conclusions:
The engineered thermally responsive hydrogel exhibits promising characteristics as a drug carrier for Metronidazole, with robust mechanical properties, effective drug loading, and controlled release capabilities. These findings suggest its potential application in targeted drug delivery systems, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.