Global Navigation Satellite Systems are widely used in critical infrastructure and safety of life applications such as aviation, maritime and land transportations. With such widespread use, open signal descriptions, and a crowded RF spectrum, jamming and spoofing are well-known threats to GNSS. GNSS Resilience and Integrity Technology (GRIT) is a firmware suite developed for NovAtel OEM7 receivers to expand situational awareness and interference detection and mitigation tools across applications and environments to protect against GNSS threats including jamming and spoofing attacks. GRIT includes Interference toolkit (ITK) and spoofing detection toolkit (SK) to identify when a GNSS signal is under threat. Recently, open service navigation massage authentication (OSNMA) implementation joins the NovAtel’s multi-layer protection suite against malicious attack. OSNMA enhances the GNSS security by cryptologic protection by implementing on the newly developed Galileo E1B Open Service Navigation Message.
Norwegian jamming and spoofing test occurred during 18-22 of September 2023 in Bleik, Norway. During Jammer Test 2023, various methods were used to interfere and manipulate navigation systems to mislead the participant’s equipment. These tests included stationary meaconing on GPS L1 and L2 bands which involved retransmission of live sky signal. Furthermore, different methods of spoofing were tested on multiple constellations and frequencies including coherent and incoherent stationary spoofer using synthetic ephemeris where the transmitted satellite ephemerides are different from the live sky satellites. During each meaconing and spoofing tests, varying jamming scenarios were executed simultaneously depending on the test such as five minutes of jamming on all signals before spoofing begins or continuous jamming of non-spoofed signals during scenarios.
This article provides NovAtel receivers jamming and spoofing detection performance of actual data collected during the jammer test 2023. The jamming detection provides spectrum monitoring and jamming characterization on all GNSS bands. The effectiveness of the anti-jam and anti-spoofing technology is demonstrated using representative complex spoofing and jamming test cases during this event. OSNMA detection results for various scenarios will be provided and comparison of the benefits and limitations of OSNMA and receiver-based spoofing detection metrics will be discussed in detail.
