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Plasma High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Galectin-9 in Patients with Trauma and Their Prognostic Potential
* 1 , * 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
1  Emergency and Critical Care Department, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai 982-8502, Japan
2  Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0701, Japan
3  Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, International Mongolian Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 001-0065, China
4  Graduate School of Health Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
5  Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
6  Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai 982-8502, Japan
7  Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
Academic Editor: Iuliana Adelina Platon

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the association between the plasma levels of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9) and patient outcomes in severe trauma cases. We conducted a prospective observational study involving 78 patients with severe trauma admitted to a tertiary care emergency center, including 10 patients who died within 28 days post-admission. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after admission, measuring plasma HMGB-1 and Gal-9 levels. HMGB-1 was highest on day 1, followed by a rapid decline within 24 hours, remaining elevated compared to normal levels. Conversely, Gal-9 peaked on day 1 but returned to normal within 48 hours. HMGB-1 levels demonstrated a significant ability to distinguish between survivors and non-survivors, with a moderate diagnostic power (AUC 0.7213), as shown by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Combining HMGB-1 with other biomarkers, such as lactate and base excess, improved the specificity, indicating the potential utility of HMGB-1 as a prognostic biomarker for trauma-related mortality. Gal-9, however, showed no predictive value for patient outcomes in this cohort. These findings suggest that while HMGB-1 holds promise as a biomarker for assessing mortality risk in trauma patients, Gal-9 in its full-length form may not be suitable for prognostic use. Further studies with a larger patient sample are recommended to validate these findings and explore the use of specific molecular forms of HMGB-1 and Gal-9 in clinical settings.

Keywords: damage-associated molecular pattern; galectin-9; high-mobility group box-1; prognosis; trauma
Comments on this paper
Hiroko Iwasaki-Hozumi
Were there any differences in the levels of proteases between survivors and non-survivors? Gal-9 may be cleaved in association with the upregulation of proteases in trauma pathophysiolosy.



 
 
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