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Assessment of Biodegradable Food Packaging for Wild Rocket Cultivated in Three Different Substrates: A Sustainable Solution for Short Food Supply Chains
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1  Department of Agronomical Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
Academic Editor: Dilantha Fernando

Abstract:

The commercialization of leafy vegetables, such as wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.), is gaining prominence due to their convenience and high content of bioactive compounds, making them key ingredients in ready-to-eat salads. However, sustainable packaging solutions are critical to reducing their environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest performance of wild rocket cultivated in three substrates and packaged using alternative biodegradable materials: polylactic acid (PL), cellulose+Kraft (CK), and polylactic acid+Kraft (PLK) bags. Wild rocket was grown in coco peat (CP), coco peat with livestock compost (90:10; CP+LC), and coco peat with mushroom compost (50:50; CP+MC). At harvest, the leaves were washed; disinfected; packaged in PL, CK, or PLK bags; and stored at 4°C for 7 and 14 days. Quality parameters, including nitrate and phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, moisture retention, and weight loss, were assessed to identify the best substrate and packaging combination for extending shelf life and preserving quality. The results indicated that the nitrate concentration was significantly lower in the plants grown on CP and packaged in PLK bags, regardless of storage time. The plants cultivated on CP showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, with no significant differences due to the packaging type. Among the tested packaging materials, PL retained more water vapor than the others, which condensed and led to leaf wetness and a shorter shelf life. Conversely, the CK bags absorbed more product moisture, causing the most elevated dehydration. The PLK bags had a superior quality by maintaining an optimal modified atmosphere and balancing the moisture retention, ensuring a better product after 14 days at 4ºC, without differences among the substrates used. In conclusion, growing wild rocket in CP in combination with its storage in PLK bags is a promising and sustainable solution for minimally processed leafy vegetables within short food supply chains, offering an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics while maintaining postharvest quality.

Keywords: coco peat; compost; phenolic content; nitrate; antioxidant capacity; shelf life; postharvest quality
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