Anthropogenic causes like habitat destruction, pollution, species invasion, and excessive urbanization are major reasons for biodiversity loss. Butterflies are good bioindicators for biodiversity assessments, as habitat destruction can affect butterfly communities. This study was conducted across four types of habitats, rural areas near agricultural fields, suburban areas near grassland, urban parks, and reserve forests, seasonally for a year. A maximum of five, 500 m permanent transect lines were considered in each study area. Butterflies were surveyed following the ‘Pollard Walk’ method. Photographs of the observed species were taken for further identification. Temperature and humidity were recorded for each study site on each sampling day. Butterfly diversity was estimated using the Shannon and Simpson’s indexes. Species richness was calculated using Margalef’s index. A comparative analysis of the species richness, habitat preferences, and frequency of individual species at different sites across all seasons was conducted based on the diversity indices. According to the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in species numbers and individuals between rural areas (species number: 60; individuals: 3656) and reserve forests (species number: 38; individuals: 985), as well as between rural areas and suburban grassland (species number: 50; individuals: 1832). This study indicated that rural areas exhibited high butterfly diversity and richness, likely due to the presence of various nectaring host plants and lower anthropogenic pressure. This study also signified a statistically significant difference in the species number between the post-monsoon (species number: 58; individuals: 3145) and winter(species number: 45; individuals: 1150) seasons. Correlation and regression analyses showed a positive correlation between individual butterfly numbers and humidity, while species evenness and humidity were correlated negatively. No significant relationship was found between temperature and species diversity. These insights can assist in protecting the butterfly population by considering areas with high butterfly diversity as butterfly conservation zones in the future.