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The Air Pollution Impacts of California's 2018 Wildfires
* 1, 2 , 3 , 1
1  North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
2  Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
3  University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Academic Editor: Daniele Contini

Abstract:

Wildfires emit large quantities of air pollutants into the atmosphere and are emerging as a significant global threat. As global warming increases the frequency, intensity, and duration of wildfires, the resulting air pollution also increases. This study investigates the role of meteorological conditions and topographical features on the three-dimensional transport and distribution of PM2.5 during California's unprecedented 2018 wildfire season, with a particular focus on two major wildfires: the Mendocino Complex Fire and the Camp Fire. Multiple data sources, such as EPA ground monitoring stations, MODIS satellite products, and HYSPLIT trajectories, were integrated to analyze the horizontal and vertical pollutant transport patterns. The results revealed that persistent low-pressure systems and weak winds (≤2 m/s) created pronounced atmospheric stagnation, leading to pollutant accumulation near the surface. An analysis of PM2.5-AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) correlations demonstrated stronger relationships during wildfire events compared to baseline periods, indicating the significant role of the wildfire-induced aerosols throughout the atmospheric column. HYSPLIT back trajectory analysis during peak pollution episodes revealed that while air masses originated from the Pacific Ocean, they remained confined to lower atmospheric layers (below 1.5 km), exacerbating surface-level pollution. Due to these conditions, the Camp Fire, despite its shorter duration, demonstrated more severe air quality impacts than the larger Mendocino Complex Fire, highlighting the significant role of burning intensity and meteorological conditions in pollution transport.

Keywords: Air Quality; Atmospheric Pollution; PM2.5; Aerosols; Wildfire
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