The 21st century is witnessing an unprecedented pace of urbanisation due to industrialisation, reshaping landscapes, and redefining the land utilisation process across the world. This transformation presents both opportunities and critical challenges, particularly in rapidly developing nations where urban expansion is often unplanned and ecologically disruptive. The interface between urban growth and land use dynamics has become a focal point for policymakers, planners, and researchers seeking to ensure a sustainable and resilient urban future. Urbanisation in India’s industrial corridors has led to significant land use transformations, particularly in rapidly growing industrial cities such as Ahmedabad and Surat—two strategic urban centres along the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). This study presents a comparative spatiotemporal analysis of built-up expansion and land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics in both cities over the past two decades (2000–2020), aiming to evaluate the spatial implications of industrial growth on urban form and land conversion patterns. Using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imageries, the Normalised Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) and supervised LULC classifications in a GIS, LULC transformations and built-up changes were spatially analysed within the city boundary. The findings reveal a contrasting yet converging pattern of urban expansion—while Ahmedabad exhibits a more radial and zonally structured growth due to its planned industrial development, Surat demonstrates a dispersed expansion with significant encroachment into agricultural and barren lands. The built-up area in Ahmedabad and Surat is increased by 13.24% and 26.60%, respectively, from 2000 to 2020. Industrial growth and corridor development are significantly contributing to the increase in urban footprints, especially in the areas influenced by economic zones. This study highlights industrialisation as a critical driver of land use transformation, exacerbating peri-urban sprawl and ecological fragmentation, and the need for more planned and sustainable urban growth—merging remote sensing and urban morphology—to provide spatially explicit evidence of the present situation and future sustainable planning.