Toxic elements (TEs) are characterized by high toxicity, even at low concentrations, and have the potential to induce various harmful effects in living organisms. Pollution with TEs constitutes a major concern in the agricultural sector, as they decrease crop growth, yield, and food quality. Soil amendments derived from agricultural byproducts and waste can improve physicochemical properties, fertility, and plant growth in TE-contaminated soils by providing nutrients and reduce the TEs' bioavailability. Due to its high surface area, porosity, and adsorption capacity, activated carbon emerges as a promising solution for removing TEs, increasing soil nutrient levels, and improving soil water holding capacity and aeration, consequently improving crop nutrition. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of wood-based activated carbon on the growth of spinach and the bioavailability of Cd and Cr in soils artificially contaminated at a concentration level of 10 mg/kg. Mixtures of TE-contaminated soil and wood-based activated carbon at 0% (control), 0% (contaminated control), 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2% were prepared in plastic pots and used as substrates for cultivating 15-day-old nursery spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. Matador) plants. The utilization of 2% wood-based activated carbon significantly increased shoot weight, as well as soil pH and organic matter content. The application of 2% wood-based activated carbon also reduced TE concentrations by 35% for Cd and 55% for Cr in shoots, and by 45% for Cd and 50% for Cr in roots, respectively, compared to the contaminated control group. Amendment with 2% wood-based activated carbon can immobilize Cd and Cr in soil and increase the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in spinach grown in soils artificially contaminated with Cd and Cr. However, further research is needed to identify the optimal application rate and long-term effects of wood-based activated carbon amendments to enhance soil quality and promote plant growth in contaminated soils.
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Potential of wood-based activated carbon to mitigate toxic element uptake in spinach for safe consumption
Published:
02 September 2025
by MDPI
in The 2nd International Online Conference on Toxics
session Pesticides, Pollutants, and Health Risk
Abstract:
Keywords: toxic elements, contraminated soil, activated carbon, amendement, crop growth
