Introduction:
The increasing availability of pharmaceuticals, illicit substances, and alcohol has made the monitoring of poisonings a critical priority for guiding clinical and preventive interventions. In Portugal, especially in the interior regions, the reduction of public health services and the closure of local health centres have resulted in limited geographic access to healthcare. This study aims to characterize poisonings attended in the emergency departments of Local Health Units (LHUs) in Portugal's interior during 2022.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted of poisoning cases recorded in emergency departments across Local Health Units (LHUs) in the interior districts of Portugal—specifically Castelo Branco, Guarda, and Viseu—during the year 2022. Data on patient demographics, the type of toxic agent, the route of exposure, and intentionality were collected and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 28.
Results:
Poisonings were more frequently observed in adult females. Alcohol was the most common toxic agent overall, especially among males, whereas pharmaceuticals—particularly benzodiazepines and analogues—were more prevalent among females. Other medications acting on the central nervous system (CNS), including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants, also played a significant role. Illicit substances were identified less frequently. The oral route was the main mode of exposure, and most cases were of voluntary origin.
Conclusions:
Although poisonings account for a small proportion of emergency department admissions, they constitute a significant public health issue in Portugal's interior. The high prevalence of voluntary poisonings highlights the need for effective preventive measures, particularly regarding alcohol consumption and the rational use of medications.