Aquaculture, a vital sector within the marine economy, is increasingly focused on improving breeding efficiency to support sustainable industrial growth. However, deep-sea aquaculture faces several challenges, including high operational costs, complex environmental control systems, and specific issues such as water pollution, hypoxia, and low feeding efficiency in fish. To overcome these barriers, emerging nanotechnologies like Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology and microfluidic technology offer innovative solutions. TENG technology, by harnessing mechanical energy from ocean waves, can provide a sustainable power supply for aquaculture systems, reducing the dependency on traditional, expensive energy sources. This energy can be used to power equipment, sensors, and other vital systems within the aquaculture environment, making the operation more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, microfluidic technology optimizes water quality and enhances feed distribution by precisely controlling the flow of fluids in aquaculture systems. This capability helps maintain a stable environment, crucial for the health and growth of marine organisms. Moreover, both TENG and microfluidic devices can function as efficient sensors, enabling real-time monitoring of biological behavior, environmental conditions, and other key parameters. By integrating these technologies into marine cage aquaculture, the industry can achieve better environmental control, reduced energy costs, and improved breeding outcomes, supporting the long-term sustainability and profitability of the sector.