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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of triazole-linked lignan-monoterpenoid based hybrid molecules as xanthine oxidase inhibitors with potent in vivo efficacy
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1  Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
Academic Editor: Alessandra Ammazzalorso

Abstract:

A novel series of triazole-linked monoterpenoid-lignan based molecules was designed by employing a molecular hybridization strategy inspired by the pharmacophoric properties of eugenol (monoterpenoid) and its derivatives, and sesamol (lignan). Designed molecules were synthesised and evaluated for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. Among the series of hybrid molecules, MT7 (isoeugenol-sesamol hybrid) showed the most potent xanthine oxidase inhibition (IC50 = 0.263 µM) with a mixed-type of inhibitory pattern and scavenging reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, higher cytotoxic potential of MT7 against xanthine oxidase harbouring cancer cells over non-harbouring cells (A547 skin cancer cells) and reduction in antioxidant enzymes confirms the binding pattern of MT-7 in Mo-cofactor (molybdenum cofactor) binding site. Molecular docking and simulations studies confirmed the stability and favourable interactions of MT7 with the febuxostat binding site of xanthine oxidase. MT7 was non-toxic to mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and showed stability with plasma and liver microsomes. MT7 further emerged as safer for in vivo preclinical investigations in rodent models with an LD50 value of 300 mg/kg and showed dose dose-dependent reduction in serum uric acid in potassium oxonate oxonate-induced hyperuricaemia rat model. Overall, studies representing MT7 as high a highly efficaciousefficacy lead for further xanthine oxidase drug development initiatives, and a preclinical candidate with tolerable safety profiles for management of hyperuricemia via xanthine oxidase inhibition.

Keywords: Xanthine oxidase; hyperuricaemia; triazole; eugenol; sesamol; hybrids.

 
 
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