The accumulation of plastic waste is a considerable environmental concern, with continually low global recycling rates and an increasing reliance on landfilling. Incorporating waste plastics into asphalt pavements is a sustainable solution to divert waste from landfills and enhance pavement performance. This study integrates information from prior experimental and field investigations to assess the technical and environmental feasibility of plastic-modified asphalt. Peer-reviewed studies were examined, emphasizing polymer type, inclusion method (dry or wet process), particle size, and dosage, with performance metrics including rutting resistance, fatigue life, moisture susceptibility, and environmental effects. Comparative data were structured into tables and figures to discern performance trends and emphasize knowledge gaps. The results demonstrate that the use of 4–10% waste plastics can enhance rutting resistance by up to 40% and increase fatigue life by over 25%, depending on polymer type and modification method employed. Enhancements in stiffness and moisture resistance have been noticed; however, increased doses may diminish resistance to low-temperature cracking. Life cycle assessments indicate possible decreases in greenhouse gas emissions and significant diversion of plastics from landfills. The incorporation of waste plastics into asphalt can improve pavement durability and support circular economy goals, depending on the optimization of material selection and mix design parameters. The proposed conference presentation will feature comparative tables and charts from previous studies to graphically illustrate these findings and substantiate evidence-based discussions on sustainable pavement technologies.