Flood hazard and risk management in riverine environments requires the integration of advanced simulation tools with decision-making methods to support the selection of effective and sustainable protection measures. This study investigates and proposes a sequential framework that combines modern tools for flood hazard simulation, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydraulic models, with multicriteria decision-making methods for evaluating flood protection structures in flood-prone areas. In particular, GIS are employed to extract critical information from digital elevation models (e.g., river cross sections), which serve as inputs to 1D-hydraulic models. The resulting flood simulations, generated for different return periods, are subsequently used to score five evaluation criteria: implementation cost, societal impacts, environmental impact, technical feasibility, and implementation schedule. These criteria are then analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for each return period. Thereafter, the framework provides a ranking of four flood protection alternatives identified as the most suitable for the case study area: (a) reinforcement of existing embankments, (b) widening of the riverbed, (c) underground conduits, and (d) construction of a bypass channel. The findings identify the optimal measure under the current criterion weights, while also demonstrating that, under extreme environmental scenarios, the ranking of alternatives may vary. Overall, the proposed methodology offers a transferable approach that can be applied to any inhabited riverine environment.