Abstract: This study will compare Canadian and Australian case studies to glean insights and compile lessons learned to better understand how resource development should occur in a way that fosters Indigenous peoples' cultural wellbeing in the present and the future. Both Indigenous populations experienced the institutional effects of European settler state policies, which subsequently engendered forms of social and political colonialism, and both Indigenous populations have had similar experiences with transnational mining companies encroaching on traditional lands as part of a broader process of globalization. We contend that we need a fundamentally different approach to resource development that affects Indigenous traditional lands in both Ontario, Canada, and NSW, Australia; one that takes into consideration the core values needed to sustain Indigenous cultural wellbeing in the present and the future.