Introduction: Intractable chronic pain affects approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide, representing a complex syndrome that transcends physical symptomatology to encompass psychological, social, and functional dimensions. This condition demonstrates significant comorbidity with depression (39.3% prevalence) and anxiety, necessitating specialized psychological interventions. The objective of this study was to systematically examine evidence-based psychological interventions for intractable chronic pain management within clinical, hospital, and health psychology frameworks.
Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted across major biomedical and psychological databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Search terms included chronic pain, psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, and positive psychology approaches. Inclusion criteria encompassed adult populations with a chronic pain duration >3 months, experimental or quasi-experimental designs, and peer-reviewed publications from the last decade. Quality assessment was performed using established methodological criteria.
Results: Evidence demonstrates that multimodal psychological interventions produce significant improvements across multiple domains. Cognitive-behavioral therapy showed small to moderate effect sizes for pain intensity, physical functioning, and emotional well-being with sustained long-term benefits. Acceptance and commitment therapy effectively reduced depression symptoms, anxiety, psychological inflexibility, and pain catastrophizing while improving mindfulness and psychological flexibility. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBSR/MBCT) demonstrated significant reductions in pain intensity and psychological distress with associated neurobiological changes in pain-processing brain regions. Positive psychology interventions improved mental health outcomes, particularly well-being, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. Multidisciplinary pain management programs integrating psychological components showed superior outcomes compared to single-modality treatments.
Conclusions: Specialized psychological interventions represent essential components of comprehensive chronic pain management. The evidence supports the implementation of integrated, multidisciplinary approaches that address biological, psychological, and social dimensions of intractable chronic pain. Clinical psychologists in hospital and health settings provide crucial expertise in assessment, treatment, and interdisciplinary coordination, significantly improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
