The present study focuses on the kinetics of the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between 7-methoxy-1-tetralone and glyoxylic acid, catalysed by potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol as a solvent, using a batch-type system under nitrogen atmosphere. The objective of this study was to synthesize the product (E)-2-(7-methoxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-ylidene) acetic acid. The reaction was conducted under controlled temperature conditions (65 °C, 75 °C and 85 °C), considering five-time intervals to monitor its progress by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The kinetic data obtained were analysed through three different mathematical methods: the integral, the differential, and the nonlinear regression method, in order to determine the most suitable kinetic model. Applying the power law, the findings indicated that the pseudo-second order model, which was estimated via nonlinear regression, showed the best fit with the experimental data, characterised by minimal discrepancy between the calculated and observed values. The kinetic constants (k) obtained at temperatures of 65 °C, 75 °C and 85 °C were 0.0078, 0.0196 and 0.0321 mL mmol-1 min-1, respectively. The pre-exponential factor (A) was calculated to be 1.194×106 mL mmol-1 min-1, and the activation energy (Ea) was determined to be 42.20 kJ mol-1. The product yield at these temperatures was 17.00%, 81.40% and 72.59%, respectively. The final product was characterised by GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-Vis. In conclusion, the kinetic study of the reaction was able to determine the optimal Knoevenagel condensation reaction conditions between 7-methoxy-1-tetralone and glyoxylic acid catalysed by potassium tert-butoxide, and to facilitate understanding of the mechanism involved.
Previous Article in event
Next Article in event
Kinetic study of the reaction between 7-Methoxy-1-Tetralone and glyoxylic acid via basic catalysis
Published:
11 November 2025
by MDPI
in The 29th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry
session General Organic Synthesis
https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-29-26702
(registering DOI)
Abstract:
Keywords: kinetic study; Knoevenagel condensation; basic catalysed; 7-methoxy-1-tetralone
