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Halogenated Cinnamanilides and Their Activity against Selected Gram-negative Bacteria
1 , 2 , * 1 , 2 , 3 , * 4
1  Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
2  Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
3  Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
4  Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Academic Editor: Julio A. Seijas

https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-29-26718 (registering DOI)
Abstract:

Recently published halogenated anilides of chlorinated and trifluorinated cinnamic acids, such as (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide, (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide or (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide, showed excellent antibacterial activities in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against reference and quality control strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, as well as against representatives of multidrug-resistant bacteria and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against staphylococci <0.2 µg/mL and against enterococci <4 µg/mL. It should be noted that all these compounds are rather lipophilic (software predicted log P values close to 5) and carry electron-withdrawing substituents that allow them to be classified as so-called Michael acceptors. All these facts inspired further investigation of the spectrum of effectiveness against other bacteria, and the most effective agents with various substitutions in both the anilide part and on the phenyl ring of the parent cinnamic acid were chosen and tested against selected pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, such as reference and quality control strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27859 and clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae 797. Unfortunately, it was found that none of the selected halogenated anilide derivatives with such high potency against Gram-positive bacteria demonstrated better efficacy against the tested Gram-negative bacteria than MICs 256 µg/mL.

Keywords: Halogenated cinnamanilides; synthesis; Gram-negative bacteria; antibacterial activity
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