Introduction
Recent clinical-scientific research finding demonstrates that cosmetic surgery can lead to severe complications, including suicides, and is associated with the surgical concepts of today's most commonly used techniques, marking it as the first report in medical literature. The pictorial documentation and narrative presentation of severe cosmetic surgical complications are detailed.
Methods
A case series study was conducted to provide pictorial documentation of severe cosmetic complications related to labia minora from currently used surgical interventions.
Results
Severe complications from cosmetic surgery appeared in various forms and were primarily associated with labial amputations (labioplasty, trimmings, linear, and other marketing terms) affecting the labial trunk, clitoral prepuce, and frenulum. Predominantly, labial over-resection was the leading cause of these adverse, symptomatic surgical outcomes. Labia minora central wedge resection is the second most common surgical intervention. It causes severe complications and results in an unnatural anatomical appearance. This procedure involves V-shaped resections from the free edge to the base of the labial tissues. Such a technique includes removing vital anatomical structures of the neurovascular bundle and its anastomosis, leading to symptoms associated with the disruption of nerves and vessels.
The delamination of the labia minora technique creates a monolithic structure that consists of the clitoral prepuce, clitoral frenulum, and labia minora trunk. Additionally, this surgical technique creates labial eversion, fusing the inner surface of the clitoral prepuce with the clitoral glans. This can lead to persistent clitoral compression with engorgement and can result in clitoral atrophy (an irreversible condition). The concept of this surgical intervention is poorly developed.
Conclusions
Using labium minus reduction techniques is linked to serious complications because of underdeveloped surgical concepts. A new approach to surgical interventions should be created to reduce or eliminate complications related to cosmetic surgery.
