Introduction:

Oral cavity is a common site of complications in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Maintaining good oral health and educating patients plays a critical role in managing the adverse effects of treatment and preserving quality of life.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved 30 patients (22 men, 8 women; mean age 69.2 ± 12.4 years) and was carried out in the Radiation Therapy Departments of the two General Hospital of Patras: P.G.N.P., the ̏ Panagia I Voithia ̋ , and G.H., ̏Agios Andreas Hospital'', from April 01 2024 to September 30, 2024. Thirteen patients were examined at the ̏ Panagia I Voithia ̋ Hospital and 17 at the ̏Agios Andreas Hospital'' in Patras. Data was collected in three phases—prior to, during, and after radiotherapy—through clinical examination, history taking, and a structured questionnaire with dental health measurements. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 27.0, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results:

Participants exhibited poor oral health, with a high mean DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) of 24.3 ± 7.6 and notable periodontal issues. A significant majority (90%) reported visiting a dentist only when problems arose, and oral hygiene practices were generally inadequate. A negative correlation was found between DMFT scores and educational level (ρ = –0.531, p = 0.003). Radiotherapy led to a statistically significant increase in oral pain (Z = –4.585, p < 0.001), jaw discomfort (Z = –2.271, p = 0.023), and deterioration in quality of life, particularly regarding pain at work (Z = –4.820, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the need for systematic dental assessment and patient education before, during, and after radiotherapy to reduce complications and improve quality of life. Integrating oral health evaluations into the standard treatment protocol for head and neck cancer patients is strongly recommended.