The integration of spectroscopic methods into in-line analysis systems presents a new approach to real-time monitoring and control of polymeric materials processing, bridging the gap between materials science, analytical chemistry, and advanced manufacturing. This study explores the potential of spectroscopic methods for dynamic, non-destructive analysis of functionally graded polymeric materials (FGMs), in the form of filaments designed for fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing. FGMs are a class of advanced engineered materials characterized by a smooth change of properties, composition, structure, or functional additives across their volume. This gradient architecture enables the optimization of local properties such as stiffness, thermal conductivity, or chemical resistance, enhancing mechanical performance, durability, and interfacial adhesion in multimaterial systems.
To tackle the challenges of FGM filament production, this research develops a controlled extrusion protocol and implements an in-line spectroscopic monitoring system capable of detecting real-time changes in chemical composition and additive distribution. By integrating this analytical data into a closed-loop control system, process parameters are dynamically adjusted to maintain consistent material quality. Initial results highlight difficulties in achieving uniform modifier distribution, particularly with viscous blends. Ongoing work focuses on optimizing processing conditions and formulations. The ultimate goal is to create a closed loop for the production and control of new polymeric filaments for 3D printing.