Nanofibrous materials have gained increasing attention for biomedical and agrifood applications owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable porosity, and ability to incorporate functional agents. Among biodegradable polymers, poly(D,L-lactic acid) (D,L-PLA) offers distinct advantages, including biocompatibility, processability, and controlled degradation kinetics, making it a versatile candidate for multifunctional nanofibrous systems.

In this work, we investigated the preparation of D,L-PLA-based nanofibrous materials using solution blow spinning (SBS), a scalable and cost-effective technique that enables the rapid fabrication of fibers without the need for high voltage or complex equipment. Processing conditions were optimized to obtain uniform fibers with controlled morphology and diameter distribution. The effects of solution properties and processing parameters on fiber morphology and distribution were systematically evaluated. Additionally, the incorporation of bioactive agents was explored to tailor the fibers for targeted applications.

The resulting materials were characterized from their structural, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. FTIR analyses confirmed the polymeric structure, while SEM micrographs revealed uniform and continuous fibers in the submicrometric range, with an average fiber diameter distribution of approximately 300 nm. The resulting materials exhibited favorable mechanical stability and degradation behavior. Preliminary assessments demonstrated their suitability as scaffolds in biomedical applications, where the fibrous network supports cell adhesion and growth. In parallel, the fibers showed promise for agrifood applications such as active packaging, benefiting from their barrier properties and potential to act as carriers for active agents.

Overall, this study highlights the versatility of D,L-PLA nanofibers produced by SBS and underscores their dual applicability in health-related and sustainable food systems. The findings contribute to the development of biodegradable nanostructures with multifunctional performance and scalable production pathways, reaffirming their potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics and as a versatile platform for biomedical and industrial applications.

Acknowledgments: Project TED2021-129945B-I00