Aortic valve calcification refers to the accumulation of calcium on the aortic valve leaflets, which can lead to aortic stenosis. A deeper understanding of the hemodynamic implications of altered valve properties is necessary. Consequently, it is essential to explore the biomechanical characteristics of aortic valve leaflets that are prone to calcification. In order to analyze fluid dynamics in an aortic segment with leaflets exhibiting varying stiffness, a two-way fluid–structure interaction model was developed. The behavior of the leaflets was simulated using two constitutive laws: linear elastic and isotropic hyperelastic, followed by numerical evaluations and comparative studies. The hyperelastic model was assessed using material parameter values within the ranges of 22–60 and 22–60 kPa, respectively. Young's modulus of the valve leaflets varied from 1 to 22 MPa, while Poisson's ratio was between 0.35 and 0.45. A strong correlation was observed between Poisson's ratio and wall shear stress. With an elastic modulus of 22 MPa and the maximum Poisson's ratio of 0.45, the peak wall shear stress reached 81.78 Pa during maximum flow velocity and full valve opening, whereas the minimum wall shear stress was recorded at 0.38 Pa. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that when accounting for the isotropic structure and nonlinear properties of valve leaflets, the Delfino hyperelastic model provides a more precise representation of their intricate behavior.

The authors would like to acknowledge the funding provided by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project № FSNM-2024-0009).