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Characteristics and Analytical Study of Ni-Zr-Melamine-Based Coordination Polymer/ Charcoal Composite
* 1 , * 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
1  Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P. M. B. 2339 Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
2  Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, College of Computing, Science and Engineering, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Kaduna State University, P. M. B. 2339, Kaduna, Kaduna State, 234, Nigeria
Academic Editor: Nunzio Cennamo

Abstract:

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of Ni-Zr melamine based coordination polymer (CP) modified using charcoal by mechanochemical synthesis. The materials were analyzed using XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, TGA, and FTIR techniques. The results show that Ni-Zr melamine CP exhibit significantly enhanced surface area at (1178.176 m2/g) and porosity (2.800 nm) compared to the pure melamine ligand (83.803 m2/g). The incorporation of charcoal further increased the surface area to 1873.196 m2/g and pore diameter to 3.120 nm. TGA analysis indicated improved thermal stability of the CP, with total weight loss of 7% compared to 17% of the melamine ligand. X-ray diffraction analysis showed distinct peaks of Ni-Zr melamine at 27.7o and 29.58o, contrasting with pure melamine’s broader peak range (13-55o) , which suggests new crystalline phases due to metal ligand interaction. The charcoal-modified composite exhibited a lower angle XRD peak (3-36o), indicating increase disorder and charcoal-induced structural changes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified characteristic N-H, C≡N, and C=O vibrations, with new peaks in the composite (2849 cm-1) indicating the influence of charcoal. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a complex, agglomerated morphology for the composite compared to the uniform crystalline structure of pure melamine, highlighted enhanced porosity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed dominant nitrogen (77.91%) and carbon (17.64%) content, consistent with melamine chemical composition (C3H6N6), with trace impurities (Al, Na, Mg, Ti, Si) suggesting residual contaminants. The study highlighted the synergistic effects of combining CP with charcoal, leading to enhanced material properties and performance. Ni-Zr melamine CPs, especially those modified with charcoal, demonstrated promising characteristics for various environmental applications.

Keywords: Coordination Polymer; Synthesis; Chracterization; Composite; Melamine
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