Abstract
The growing global emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices has accelerated the search for eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Among natural solutions, mint essential oil—extracted from Mentha species—has emerged as a promising bio-insecticide due to its high content of bioactive compounds such as menthol and menthone. These components are known for their insecticidal, repellent, and antimicrobial properties, making mint essential oil a viable candidate for integrated pest management (IPM) systems in organic and agro-ecological farming. This study is a comprehensive literature review analyzing peer-reviewed research published over the last two decades concerning the pesticidal efficacy of mint essential oil. This review focuses on its effects on common agricultural pests, the mode of action of its active compounds, environmental safety, and limitations related to formulation and application. The findings reveal that mint essential oil demonstrates significant insecticidal activity against a broad spectrum of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and beetles. It is also considered safe for beneficial insects, such as pollinators, and poses minimal risks to human health and the environment. Nonetheless, its high volatility and sensitivity to environmental factors (e.g., sunlight, temperature) can limit field efficacy. Research also highlights the importance of microencapsulation and emulsification techniques to enhance the stability and controlled release of the oil. Mint essential oil offers a sustainable and low-toxicity alternative to synthetic pesticides. While its insecticidal potential is well-documented, addressing challenges related to formulation and delivery systems is essential for broader field adoption. Continued research and technological innovation are necessary to fully integrate mint essential oil into commercial pest management strategies and support the global transition toward sustainable agriculture.