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Establishment of Vitis vinifera varieties for table grape production as an alternative to climate change in Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1 , * 1 , * 1 , * 2
1  Regional Academic Center, Chapingo Autonomous University, Huatusco-Veracruz Campus, Huatusco-Xalapa Federal Highway, km 6.5. 94100, Mexico City, Mexico
2  Department of Agricultural Economics, Chapingo Autonomous University, km 38.5 Mexico - Texcoco Highway, Chapingo, Texcoco 56227, State of Mexico, Mexico
Academic Editor: Helder Fraga

Abstract:

The Mexican countryside is not exempt from the effects of global climate change. Abrupt changes in environmental temperature, rainfall patterns and the duration of droughts are part of the process that has led to soil erosion and an increase in the presence and incidence of pests. These conditions suggest changes in growing patterns. Grape in Mexico has been identified in primarily arid areas where even soil conditions appear to be a disadvantage. The present study is conducted in Mata de Sarza, Veracruz, Mexico; the objective is to identify table grape (Vitis vinífera) as a cultivation alternative for this region from three varieties, Perlette, Flame Seedless and Summer Royal, under agro-productive conditions in the local climate through reproduction by cuttings. The agronomic evaluation includes the length of cuttings, the number of growth nodes for subsequent antifungal treatment and rooting in root production chambers, once the cuttings have been removed from the root chamber and before the final planting of the cut, the percentage of cuttings with primary radiculae and root bulbs, the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, the monthly development of the stems, and the photosynthetic capacity of the leaf area as main indicators in the preliminary stage. There were cuttings with values within 68±5.3 cm, with roots ranging from 2.2 cm to 17.3 cm; the number of root bulbs per cut was on average up to 8, while the number of growth nodes ranged between 4 and 7. The soils had an average clay content of 65% and sand of 23%, and the average monthly stem growth was 17.3 cm. Cultivation, in this preliminary stage of development, has adapted to the physical–climatic conditions, different from the main wine-growing areas of the country, while establishing the bases for a production model.

Keywords: Grape cuttings, Vitis adaptation; crop transition; root development, leaf growth in grapes

 
 
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