Introduction:
Sheep reproductive strategies serve as vital tools for studying evolutionary changes that occur within domestic livestock populations. The reproductive process of sheep depends on both natural genetic elements and environmental conditions which determine their evolutionary fitness. The research examines how sheep reproductive characteristics including fertility and sexual maturity age and litter numbers develop through natural selection and genetic diversity.

Methods:
The research team performed genomic studies on multiple sheep breeds to discover reproductive success-related genetic indicators. Researchers gathered information about sheep mating patterns and their reproductive patterns throughout different seasons and their ability to survive until birth. The research used quantitative genetics to determine reproductive trait heritability and the existing evolutionary selection forces. The research examined how human intervention through selective breeding has transformed reproductive performance in domesticated sheep.

Results:
The research discovered substantial genetic differences which affect reproductive characteristics between different sheep groups. The survival competition in certain environments selects for early sexual development and high reproductive capacity because these traits appear more strongly in such environments. Domesticated sheep breeds have shown better reproductive performance because of selective breeding programs. The study demonstrated that reproductive success differences between sheep populations result from both genetic drift and gene flow.

Conclusions:
The research demonstrates that evolutionary processes directly influence the reproductive patterns of sheep. The genetic structure of reproductive characteristics demonstrates how natural selection together with human intervention through breeding programs influence sheep fertility levels. The research findings enable scientists to create better breeding strategies which enhance animal productivity and enable effective reproductive health management in both natural and controlled settings.