Reconstructing interspecies relationships from microbial dynamics in natural environments and linking them to phylogenetic associations remains challenging in ecological and evolutionary studies. As an alternative approach, studying model bacteria under precisely controlled laboratory conditions can reveal ecological niche patterns and evolutionary consequences under defined environments. In this study, we evaluated bacterial growth to examine how environmental factors differentially affect proliferation processes and to construct experimentally derived fitness landscapes that may reflect natural adaptive processes. Multiple representative bacterial strains of broad phylogenetic diversity and distinct ecological backgrounds were used in the present study. These bacteria were cultured separately in hundreds of different media, which were composed of both purified chemical compounds and natural materials. This approach generated thousands of growth-rate and carrying-capacity values under a wide range of nutritional conditions. Despite strain-specific differences in growth, significant correlations were observed across media conditions. Moreover, clustering patterns based on growth profiles closely matched known phylogenetic proximity and biogeographical traits. It revealed that bacterial growth in response to laboratory-defined conditions was as conserved as evolution in nature, despite the significant differentiations between culture media and wild nature. Together, these findings demonstrated that laboratory-reconstructed bacterial fitness landscapes could serve as an experimental reference for bacterial ecological niches in natural environments. It indicated that functional traits such as growth dynamics can bridge trait–phylogeny relationships, providing a conceptual framework for experimental ecology and insights for microbial community design in the future.