Contemporary cities increasingly face intertwined forms of environmental degradation and socio-spatial fragility, intensified by climate change, infrastructure deficits and unequal access to ecosystem services. This contribution advances an integrated perspective on shared responsibility in urban environmental regeneration, combining ecological assessment, socio-territorial vulnerability analysis and sustainability-oriented policy frameworks. The study interprets urban environments as complex adaptive systems in which environmental quality, settlement morphology, service accessibility and social marginalisation interact to produce differentiated exposure to environmental risks. Through a multidisciplinary analytical approach, this contribution identifies how limited ecological infrastructures, fragmented green systems and insufficient environmental monitoring exacerbate vulnerability in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Particular attention is devoted to the role of governance structures and institutional accountability, emphasising how coordinated policies and participatory processes can mitigate impacts, prevent ecological deterioration and promote equitable resource management. The proposed framework outlines operational criteria for designing regeneration strategies capable of restoring ecosystem functions, reducing environmental pressures and strengthening the resilience of urban communities. The results highlight the importance of integrating environmental data, local knowledge and policy instruments to support long-term sustainability transitions. By bridging ecological understanding with policy-making, this research provides a methodological foundation for rethinking environmental responsibility in vulnerable urban contexts and encourages collaborative approaches to urban regeneration. The work contributes to current international debates on sustainability by proposing actionable pathways for environmentally balanced and socially inclusive urban development.