Equity in access to mental health services remains a global challenge, particularly acute for cultural and ethnic minorities. This systematic review explores the complex dynamics influencing access to and utilization of psychological support services by these groups, highlighting how such access is a key indicator of social integration and inclusivity in national healthcare systems.

Our analysis reveals a significant gap between the theoretical availability of services and their actual accessibility. Multiple barriers emerge, extending beyond the mere presence of facilities, involving cultural, linguistic, and structural aspects of the healthcare system. These barriers include differences in mental health perception, cultural stigma, language difficulties, lack of awareness about available services, and misunderstandings between patients and healthcare providers.

By identifying two main obstacles, the linguistic/cultural barrier and the structural/organizational one, this study highlights how ethnic minorities and migrants face unique and more intense challenges compared to the general population when seeking help for mental health issues. These challenges can lead to delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatments, and inferior health outcomes.

The implications of this research are relevant for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers, offering insights to develop targeted strategies to reduce disparities in access and improve the quality of care provided to culturally diverse communities. We propose a multidisciplinary approach that includes cultural training for healthcare workers, interpreting services, community awareness campaigns, and more inclusive health policies.