The rapid increase in the number of vehicles in urban areas has led to significant challenges in parking management, including traffic congestion, fuel wastage, and driver inconvenience. This paper presents a Smart Parking System with web application support, implemented as a prototype using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, to improve parking efficiency and user experience in urban environments.

The proposed system enables users to view real-time parking availability and reserve parking slots through a web-based interface, thereby reducing the need for manual searching. Each parking slot is equipped with ultrasonic sensors that detect vehicle presence. These sensors communicate with an ESP32 microcontroller, which processes the data and updates a cloud-based database to ensure accurate and real-time parking information.

To evaluate parking demand, the system considers real-time occupancy data, frequency of slot usage, and peak-hour variations, which provide insights into urban parking patterns. This data-driven approach can be extended using Transport System Models (TSM) to predict demand and optimize parking allocation. Furthermore, the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with TSM enables intelligent decision-making and scalable urban mobility solutions.

Additionally, the system incorporates a wrong-parking detection mechanism that triggers a buzzer alert and sends notifications through the web application when improper parking is detected. The proposed system demonstrates a practical, scalable, and cost-effective solution for smart urban parking management.