Abstract: The Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) DC–DC Buck–Boost Converter is designed to efficiently manage power from multiple input sources and provide multiple regulated output voltages for various load requirements. The Multi-Input part may be derived from Solar PV, Batteries, or Fuel cells. The proposed system aims to overcome the limitations of conventional single-input converters by offering flexibility, improved efficiency, and better energy utilization. It allows seamless power-flow control between different DC sources, such as solar panels, batteries, and fuel cells, ensuring uninterrupted power delivery even under fluctuating input conditions and load disturbances.

Methods and Results:

The project was conducted using an Arduino Mega microcontroller that generates PWM signals to control MOSFET switches, enabling buck, boost, and buck–boost operations as required. Hardware components such as inductors, capacitors, and diodes ensure stable energy transfer, while voltage and current sensors provide real-time feedback for precise control. In this project, the pulse-width modulation technique is used. A different width duty cycle is applied to the input stage switches, and based on the duty cycle enabled, the input can be prioritized. All the switches have different duty cycles with delays between them. The outputs of the three-stage system have different widths of 0.7μs, 5μs, 7μs to obtain the output voltage values of 3v, 12v, and 28v, respectively, with ripple voltages of 0.1mv, 150mv, and 50 mv and a switching frequency of 100KHz. Four inputs are kept at the same voltage of 12V. This project demonstrates a cost-effective, compact, and scalable converter suitable for renewable energy systems, hybrid power architectures, and embedded applications. The combination of hardware design and embedded software control achieves efficient power conversion with improved voltage stability and reduced losses.