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Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide derivatives via functionalization reaction with hexamethylene diisocyanate
1 , 2 , 2 , * 3
1  Departmento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
2  Departmento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
3  Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Published: 30 August 2018 by MDPI in 1st International Online Conference on Nanomaterials session Synthesis
Abstract:

Graphene oxide (GO), the oxidized form of graphene, shows unique properties such as strong mechanical strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, amphiphilicity and surface functionalization capability that make it very attractive in various fields ranging from medicine to optoelectronic devices and solar cells. However, its insolubility in non-polar and polar aprotic solvents hinders some applications. To solve this issue, novel functionalization strategies are pursued. In this regard, the current study deals with the preparation and characterization of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-functionalized GO. Different reactions conditions were tested to optimize the functionalization degree (FD), and detailed characterizations were conducted via elemental analysis, Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies to confirm the success of the functionalization reaction. The morphology of HDI-GO was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed an increase in the flake thickness with increasing FD. The HDI-GO showed a more hydrophobic nature than pristine GO and could be suspended in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as in some low polar/non-polar solvents like tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform and toluene; further, the dispersibility improved upon increasing FD. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirmed that the covalent attachment of HDI greatly improves the thermal stability of GO, ascribed to the crosslinking between adjacent sheets, which is interesting for a variety of applications including long-term electronics and electrothermal devices. The HDI-GO could further react with other organic molecules or polymers via the remaining oxygen groups, which makes them ideal candidates as nanofillers for high-performance GO-based polymer nanocomposites.

Keywords: graphene oxide; hexamethylene diisocyanate; functionalization reaction; solubility; thermal stability
Comments on this paper
Jiye Fang
Comment/Q from Dr. Fang
This work addresses a significant topic concerning the fictionalization of GO. Modification of GO's solubility in hydrophobic environment is an important task, indeed.
Q: when you functionalize HDI in GO as described in this paper, what is the yield (roughly)? Thanks.

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