Azadirachta indica A. Juss, is a large tree, native to India and Meliaceae family, has in its phytochemical constitution many phenolic compounds, several of its parts have been used for many medicinal purposes as antifungal, antibacterial and antidiabetic. The objective was to define the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of A. indica (EEAi) and determine the toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster model. The quantification of the chemical constituents was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and to evaluate the toxicity was used the model of D. melanogaster, where it was evaluated the survival of the flies and negative geotaxia (Damage to the locomotive apparatus of the insect) . Among the compounds found, quercetin of the flavonoid class was found in higher concentration (14.05 ± 0.01 mg / g). In relation to the survival test, it was seen that the EEAi did not have relevant toxicity; when negative geotaxia was evaluated, there was a difference in the control only from the 24 hour and 48 hour readings at 10 mg / mL and 20 mg / mL respectively. Considering these results, it is shown that the EEAi has no significant toxic action.