Sand is a common construction material used for various purposes; e.g. concrete, mortar, render, screed, and asphalt. The usage is depending on its fineness, and its fineness depends on mineralogical composition and physical – mechanical properties. This research aims to determine the chemical, mineralogical composition, and the physical – mechanical properties of the Dasht – e – Taatrang Zar sand deposits within the Qarabagh and Bagram districts of Kabul and Parwan provinces in Afghanistan. To achieve the objectives of research, library method for reviewing the literature, extensive field works for macroscopic studies and samples collection, and laboratory method for testament of collected samples were carried out. Totally 23 samples during the two phases of field works were collected and subjected to lab works for XRF, Schlich, and XRD analysis to determine the chemical and mineralogic composition, also sieve and Atterberg analysis, specific gravity, soundness, and alkali-silica reaction tests were performed for characterization of physical – mechanical properties. The results of tests show that Taatrang Zar sand deposits are considered as a suitable construction material and due its simple accessibility, the deposits can be a high potential of construction material supplier for the Kabul new city project (Dehsabz) in Kabul and adjacent Parwan and Kapisa provinces.