Introduction: Brucellosis remains a major public health concern in Algeria, particularly in agro-pastoral regions like Sétif. This study aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of human brucellosis cases managed at the University Hospital of Sétif. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 37 patients hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Department between 2021 and 2024. All cases were confirmed by the isolation of Brucella spp. from blood cultures or localized samples. Statistical analysis included 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for key proportions, Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Binomial test for gender distribution. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 37 patients were included. A significant male predominance was confirmed (78.4% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.001), with a mean age of 43 years (SD ± 15.6). The temporal distribution showed a peak in 2022 (32.4%), followed by a fluctuation in annual incidence without a linear trend (p > 0.05). The hallmark clinical sign was undulant fever (97%), frequently associated with arthralgia (19%) and headache (11%). Focal osteoarticular complications were identified in 10.8% of the cohort (n=4), specifically spondylodiscitis (n=2) and sacroiliitis (n=2). Notably, all complicated cases occurred in male patients; however, this association did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.55), likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion: Human brucellosis in Sétif is characterized by a high burden among middle-aged men and significant osteoarticular morbidity. The lack of a declining trend over four years underlines the urgency of an integrated "One Health" surveillance system to control the animal reservoir and improve early clinical detection.

Understanding how Aedes aegypti eggs and gravid female are spatially structured, and how they relate to urban temperature heterogeneity, is essential in improving vector surveillance. This study analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of egg and gravid female abundance of Ae. aegypti in the city of Reconquista (Argentina) during the 2024–2025 epidemiological season and assessed spatial associations between life stages and with land surface temperature (LST). Data obtained between December 2024 and March 2025 during montoring using ovitraps and gravid Aedes traps were analyzed. The mean abundance of eggs (EG) and gravid female (GF) (adjusted by active devices) was calculated. Spatial autocorrelation and the association between both stages were assessed using global univariate and bivariate Moran’s I statistics. Mean abundance was aggregated into a 600 m hexagonal grid, and bivariate LISA was used to identify local spatial clusters. Both EG and GF exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation, with clusters of high reproductive activity concentrated in specific sectors of the city. There was a significant positive global spatial association between EG abundance and GF female abundance. However, local LISA analysis showed that this association was spatially heterogeneous, with most areas not exhibiting significant local coupling. These results indicate that egg and gravid female distributions are spatially coupled at the urban scale, although this relationship is spatially heterogeneous and restricted to specific sectors of the city. We found a positive spatial association between EG and GF with LST, with nearly half of the study area exhibiting concordant High EG/GF–High LST or Low EG/GF–Low LST patterns. EG and GF abundance show clear spatial structuring across the evaluated life stages. Urban LST appears spatially coupled with EG and GF abundance, supporting a strong thermo-biological linkage in the urban landscape.

Introduction: Human myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax remains a neglected tropical zoonosis in Latin America despite regional eradication programs targeting the New World screwworm. Contemporary epidemiological and vulnerability patterns in Mexico are poorly characterized. We conducted an analytical exploratory study to describe clinical distribution and identify factors associated with complicated outcomes in confirmed human cases reported in Southern Mexico.

Methods: A retrospective observational exploratory study was conducted, including 33 laboratory-confirmed human cases reported in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (epidemiological week 29, 2025). Variables analyzed included age, sex, anatomical location, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Comorbidity was defined as documented chronic clinical conditions in the registry (e.g., diabetes mellitus, neoplasms, vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, malnutrition, alcohol use disorder). Age was summarized using the median and interquartile range (IQR). Proportions were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using the Wilson method. Associations were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and crude odds ratios (ORs) with Haldane correction.

Results: The median age was 60 years (IQR 48–74; range 17–87), and 63.6% were male (95% CI 46.6–77.8). Cephalic involvement was the most frequent presentation (45.5%; 95% CI 29.8–62.0). At least one comorbidity was present in 75.8% (95% CI 59.0–87.2), and ≥2 in 21.2%. Six patients (18.2%) had neoplastic disease, including skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, lip cancer, tongue cancer, and parietal neoplastic lesions; all were located in the cephalic region (100%). Complicated outcomes occurred in 15.2% (95% CI 6.7–30.9), and case fatality was 3.0% (95% CI 0.5–15.3). One death occurred in a patient with multiple comorbidities; the specific cause of death was not publicly available.

Conclusions: Human Cochliomyia hominivorax myiasis in Southern Mexico predominantly affects patients with comorbidities and conditions favoring tissue exposure. The observed association between cephalic neoplasms and infestation suggests that exposed tumor lesions may play a key role in pathogenesis. These findings provide clinical evidence of vulnerability factors in this neglected zoonosis.

Introduction: The city of Santa Fe (Argentina) is highly exposed to environmental conditions that favor outbreaks of dengue and leptospirosis. Official public health campaigns often rely on top-down compliance-based approaches, underestimating the potential of community participation. This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of participatory strategies compared to conventional methods through controlled community trials in four riverside neighborhoods with similar socio-environmental conditions.

Methodology: In 2024/2025, two intervention sectors (Vuelta del Paraguayo / Manzana 2) and two control sectors (Colastiné / Boca) were established (n=80 households per site). The intervention involved training cycles for health promoters based on popular education and participatory action research (PAR), promoting community dialogue and territorial planning. Control areas received traditional, non-participatory campaigns. A longitudinal pre-post design was used. Indicators included: knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions (KAPP); abundance of Aedes aegypti adults, larvae, and breeding sites; and rodent activity monitored through hair traps. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and logistic regressions to assess the interaction effect between treatment condition (participatory vs. control) and time in both trials.

Results: Significant interaction effects were found (p < 0.05). The probability of finding potential larval breeding sites was reduced by 39% (OR: 0.61), larval breeding sites by 41% (OR: 0.59), and Ae. aegypti adults by 31% (OR: 0.69) compared to control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, rodent activity was reduced by 44% (OR: 0.56). Furthermore, a significant increase in risk knowledge and perception was observed.

Conclusion: Participatory methods demonstrate greater efficacy than traditional approaches in reducing biological risk indicators. Community empowerment acts as a cost-effective strategy by fostering social sustainability, reducing dependence on recurring chemical interventions, and mitigating the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in vulnerable settings

The epidemiology of dengue in Bangladesh is undergoing a fundamental shift, driven by climate variability, rapid urban expansion, and ecological change. Dengue is transforming a historically monsoon-bound disease into a persistent national health crisis. Recent outbreaks demonstrate expanding geographic distribution and altered transmission dynamics driven by rapid and unplanned urbanisation, and mosquito vector adaptation. These changes have reduced the effectiveness of conventional surveillance approaches that rely primarily on hospital-based reporting and reactive response. Addressing this evolving risk requires a predictive early warning system grounded in a One Health framework that integrates human, environmental, and vector surveillance.

A retrospective analysis was conducted using national routine dengue surveillance datasets reported by the Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh, for 2024–2025, alongside system-level evidence, to evaluate readiness for a One Health-based Early Warning System (EWS). Data quality, reporting continuity, and operational feasibility were assessed using WHO data-quality assessment approaches.

The datasets demonstrated nationwide reporting coverage but substantial data gaps, with approximately 53.2% of fields missing in 2024 and only 20.8% in 2025. Substantial data gaps, reporting inconsistencies, and limited interoperability constrain early outbreak detection. Current systems capture human clinical outcomes but lack systematic integration with entomological surveillance and ecological drivers such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. These limitations reduce the ability to generate timely, actionable alerts.

The evolving epidemiology of dengue in Bangladesh necessitates transitioning from conventional surveillance to a predictive One Health early-warning system. Implementing a One Health framework can operationalise multi-sectoral integration, strengthen data systems, and enable anticipatory public health action. Bangladesh represents a critical frontline example of how climate, ecological disruption, and human population dynamics are reshaping dengue transmission. This demands a transition from conventional surveillance toward integrated One Health early warning systems. A coordinated One Health EWS represents a critical pathway for improving climate-sensitive disease preparedness and reducing future dengue burden in Bangladesh.

Introduction

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, with rapidly increasing incidence driven by climate change, urbanization, and global mobility. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events have expanded the geographic range of Aedes mosquitoes, modifying dengue transmission dynamics and disease burden. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of climate variables on dengue incidence, severity, and spatial expansion.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted from January 2000 to December 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included observational, ecological, and modeling studies assessing associations between climatic factors and dengue transmission, incidence, outbreaks, or severity. Primary outcomes were changes in dengue incidence and geographic expansion. Secondary outcomes included outbreak frequency and disease severity. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed when appropriate, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.

Results

A total of 52 studies comprising data from over 45 countries were included. Increased ambient temperature, rainfall variability, and humidity were consistently associated with higher dengue incidence. Each 1 °C increase in mean temperature was associated with a pooled 12% increase in dengue risk (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.08–1.16). Regions previously considered non-endemic demonstrated sustained autochthonous transmission, particularly in temperate and high-altitude areas. Climate-driven changes were also linked to longer transmission seasons, increased outbreak intensity, and expansion of hyperendemic zones. Significant heterogeneity reflected regional ecological variability.

Conclusions

Climate change is a major driver of the global expansion and intensification of dengue transmission. These findings underscore the urgency of integrating climate-informed surveillance, vector control strategies, and public health preparedness into global dengue prevention policies. Anticipatory models incorporating climate projections are essential to mitigate future epidemic risks.

Introduction

Malaria remains a public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of vectors is essential for identifying areas at higher risk of transmission. This study evaluated ecological aspects of anopheline populations in two endemic communities in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Içá, Amazonas.

Methods

The study was conducted in the communities of Vila Alterosa Juí (Juí) and Vila Pinheiro Palestina do Juí (Pinheiro). Entomological collections were carried out in 2025 using protected human landing catches (PHLC) in intra- and peridomiciliary environments. The total sampling effort was 720 hours of collection. Indicators were analyzed, including abundance, human biting rate (HBR), and hematophagic activity, as well as their relationship with environmental variables and local epidemiological data.

Results

A total of 13,070 mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were collected, with predominance of Anopheles darlingi (99.97%). Heterogeneity between communities was observed despite the short geographic distance. The highest mosquito abundance was recorded in Pinheiro, whereas Juí showed lower and more stable densities during the collections. The mean human biting rate was 18.15 mosquitoes/person-hour, reaching values above 28 mosquitoes/person-hour in the peridomicile of Pinheiro. Hematophagic activity showed a distinct pattern between the localities. In Pinheiro, a bimodal pattern was observed, with peaks during the early evening and around midnight, whereas in Juí the activity was more homogeneous.

Conclusions

The results highlight spatial heterogeneity in vector abundance and biting intensity between nearby communities, reinforcing the focal nature of malaria transmission in the region. The predominance of Anopheles darlingi and the pattern of hematophagic activity indicate critical periods of human exposure. This study helps reduce knowledge gaps on vector ecology in the Upper Solimões and provides support for strengthening entomological surveillance and guiding control strategies adapted to Amazonian communities.

Urogenital schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, remains endemic in Nigeria and continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially among school-aged children in rural communities. Many areas with active transmission remain unmapped for intervention. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, and risk factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis among primary school children in Spill Way community, Ikere Gorge Dam, Oyo State, Nigeria, a remote area where residents frequently come into contact with dam water. A total of 109 school-aged children (53 females and 56 males; aged 2–20 years) voluntarily participated. A pretested questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data and information on water contact behaviours. Urine samples were collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium eggs using standard parasitological sedimentation techniques. Hematuria was screened using chemical reagent strips. Overall, 21 (19.3%) participants were positive for S. haematobium eggs, with the 6–10-year-old age group showing the highest prevalence (21.1%). Two (9.5%) of the infected participants had heavy infections (≥50 eggs/10 ml of urine). There was no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in infection rates between males and females. Additionally, 42 (38.5%) participants exhibited hematuria. The findings indicate ongoing transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis within the community. All infected children were treated with praziquantel (40mg/kg) by the Local Government Area Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) coordinators. This study highlights the urgent need for sustained community-based interventions, including mass drug administration; improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices; and health education to reduce transmission and safeguard the health of school-aged children in endemic rural settings.

Mosquito species exhibit preferences for different vertical forest strata, which may influence arbovirus transmission dynamics in tropical environments. Arboreal mosquitoes such as Haemagogus and Sabethes are strongly associated with forest canopies and play an important role in the sylvatic transmission cycle of yellow fever virus (YFV). This study evaluated the diversity and abundance of acrodendrophilic Culicidae and assessed the efficiency of different larvitrap types for sampling immature mosquitoes in preserved and anthropized forest fragments in the Amazon. Field collections were conducted in the Rio Pardo rural settlement, municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, between January and September 2021 during six sampling campaigns covering both dry and rainy seasons. Larvitraps made of bamboo internodes, plastic containers, and tires were installed in the forest canopy at approximately 12 m height and remained in the field for 15 days during each sampling period. A total of 160 immature specimens belonging to nine mosquito species of medical and veterinary importance were recorded. Haemagogus janthinomys, the primary vector of sylvatic yellow fever virus, was the most abundant species, followed by Limatus flavisetosus and Aedes albopictus, a secondary vector of dengue virus. Tire traps showed the highest colonization rates, whereas plastic containers exhibited greater species diversity and evenness. Community analyses did not reveal significant differences between areas with contrasting levels of deforestation. However, Hg. janthinomys and Sabethes spp. were predominantly associated with bamboo traps, reflecting their affinity for natural phytotelmata in the canopy. In contrast, Ae. albopictus was more frequent in anthropized environments and associated with artificial containers. Its occurrence in canopy traps suggests ecological plasticity in vertically stratified habitats under environmental disturbance. These findings contribute to the understanding of canopy mosquito ecology and provide relevant information for arbovirus surveillance strategies in the Amazon.

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is the main urban mosquito vector of several arboviruses responsible for outbreaks and epidemics. Its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions promotes dispersal and challenges vector control. Understanding oviposition dynamics in relation to climatic factors is essential for improving entomological surveillance.

Objective: To relate the density of eggs from female A. aegypti with climatic variables (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) at the Teacher Training Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, located in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, a region characterized by a hot and dry semi-arid climate in Brazil.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-one ovitraps were installed across the campus, distributed according to the mosquitoes' environmental preferences, and remained in the field from June 2019 to March 2020. During this period, 39 weekly inspections were carried out, recording the number of eggs and larvae present in the traps. Rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology and the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Paraíba.

Results and Conclusion: A total of 6,296 eggs and 759 larvae of A. aegypti were collected. The highest values of the Ovitrap Positivity Index occurred between January and March, while the Egg Density Index was highest in February, March, and June. Among the climatic variables evaluated, rainfall had the greatest influence on the increase in egg density in the traps, suggesting a strong influence of water availability on the vector's reproductive activity. The maintenance of oviposition during periods of drought may be related to the eggs' resistance to desiccation, the presence of cryptic breeding sites, and the skip oviposition behavior of females—strategies that allow reproductive continuity even in environmental conditions with low water availability. These findings reinforce the importance of continuous entomological monitoring in semi-arid regions to guide more effective vector control strategies.