Cissus quadrangularis is a common perennial succulent climber plant belongs to Vitaceae family. The plant is having strong pharmacological profile with variety of phytoconstituents and is being geographically distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Prominently found in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In India plant was found all over but dominantly in states namely Assam, Kerala, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant in India popularly called as ‘Hadjod’ or ‘Asthisamharaka’ and very well established as medicines related to management of bone, muscles and ligament issues. Traditionally almost all aerial well as underground parts are having medicinal value but stem is most commonly used. Phytochemicals studies performed on plant revealed the presence of variety of constituents viz Tannins, proteins, carbohydrate, phenol flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, glycosides, Saponins, vitamin C and alkaloids. Beside these plant is also a rich source of calcium. The systematic review had also established the pharmacological role of plant as bone setter and fractured bone healer, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, bone turnover, cardiovascular and hepatoprotective and many more. The current review article had made the detailed discussion on it phytochemical and pharmacological potential.

Background: Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor causing considerable morbidity during the reproductive years in women with contributions from environmental and genetic factors. According to the GWAS studies, there are many genes and polymorphisms that related with, somehow responsible for the UL pathogenesis, but the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.

The aim of this study: was to investigate the published GWAS studies of UL to recognize significant functionality of TNRC6B polymorphism linked with UL.

Materials and methods: Functional consequences of 5 significant SNPs were analyzed (rs739182, rs2072858, rs12484776, rs139909 and rs138039) of the TNRC6B gene involved in UL, including their epigenetic effects, expression and splicing patterns, using in silico approach and bioinformatics tools (HaploReg and GTExportal).

Results: Based on HaploReg, several epigenetic effects regulating these SNPs were found as: rs739182 (6 motifs changed, 22 enhancers, one protein bound and 5 DNAs histone markers), rs2072858(one motifs changed, 3 enhancers and one DNAs histone markers), rs12484776(3 motifs changed, 16 enhancers, 5 protein bounds and 4 DNAs histone markers), rs139909(7 motifs changed, one enhancer and one protein bound histone markers) and rs138039(one motifs changed, 9 enhancers and one DNAs histone markers). Depending on GTEx, inferred that (rs739182, rs2072858, rs12484776, rs139909 and rs138039) are associated with the expression of genes/ in tissues as: (2/5, 2/3, 4/4, 5/7,5/7), respectively. These loci except rs12484776, regulate the expression level of some genes in the UL pathophysiology important tissues (adipose subcutaneous and cell cultured fibroblasts (ADSL) of rs739182 and rs2072858, respectively, adipose subcutaneous (FAM83F) and whole blood (RP3-370M22.8) of rs139909 and whole blood (RP3-370M22.8) and cell cultured fibroblasts (MKL1) of rs138039). The GTEx dataset demonstrated that only 3 SNPs (rs2072858, rs139909 and rs138039) is associated with the alternative splicing traits (sQTL) of one gene in 1, 5 and 2 tissues, respectively. But only tissue-specific genotype-splicing associations of rs2072858 were registered in adipose subcutaneous (ADSL) involved in UL molecular pathways.

Conclusion: The in-silico analysis is a powerful approach making it possible to uncover possible metabolic pathways underlying the observed association of genetic markers with a trait.

Wound healing and skin fibrosis are antithetical processes where fibroblasts play a key-role. PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM) is a physical treatment proposed in recent years in wound care. Here, we show the results obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments about the PBM effects of short-wavelength blue LED light (emission range 410-430 nm). In vivo studies were performed in superficial wound in animal model (33 CD1 male mice). Wounds were treated with blue light (20.6 J/cm²), and biopsies were collected at 0-1-3-6-9-12-18-24-72-144 hours. Unwounded skin was used as a control. Histology, fluorescence analysis, scratch-test assay and multiphoton microscopy were performed. Skin fibrosis was studied by in vitro experiments on human cultured fibroblasts isolated from keloid tissues. Six doses were tested: 3.43–6.87–13.7–20.6–30.9-41.2 J/cm². Colourimetric assays, electrophysiological recordings, micro-Raman measurements and electron microscopy were used to study cell viability, proliferation and some features of mitochondria before and after irradiation. Fibroblasts from healthy donors were used as a control. The in vivo study evidenced a faster recovery in blue light-treated wounds, accompanied by collagen deposition and a tissue morphology close to the one typical of an intact healthy skin. From in vitro experiments we pointed out that at low light dose (3.43 J/cm²) the cell metabolism increases, while at high light dose (30.9 and 41.2 J/cm²) its reduction is observed. In the electrophysiology test, the application of 20.6 J/cm² increases the outward currents only in keloid fibroblasts, while mitochondria (observed with TEM) increase their dimension in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, blue light does not have the same effect on different cell types, while modulates their activity in different ways. Our results demonstrated that short-wavelength blue LED light has PBM properties: fibroblasts activity is modulated, thus obtaining a faster tissue remodelling accompanied by a better scarring outcome, especially in subjects predisposed to form keloids and hypertrophic scars.