As a social media platform with billions of daily views, YouTube is a catalyst for influencing behaviour. During the pandemic, many found themselves turning to platforms like YouTube as a source of information and entertainment. This paper investigated the content of cannabis videos on YouTube during COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on cannabis use in the community was assessed by identifying 75 YouTube videos uploaded from March-May of 2020. We found that the contents of these videos display the impact of COVID-19 on cannabis use through four key reoccurring themes; (1) buying cannabis (45%), (2) promotion of health claims (36%), (3) the push for legalization (13%) and (4) safety information (5%). More vigorous monitoring and tighter restrictions around social media is required to mitigate the risk of misinformation and normalisation, especially among those who are most vulnerable, such as individuals with cannabis use disorder.

Novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) was identified in December 2019 in the People's Republic of China, and it started emerging as an international healthcare emergency. COVID-19 pandemic might represent the tip of the iceberg and is the responsibility of all public healthcare authorities and experts to develop an adequate response using the right protocols and instruments to ensure public safety.

To ensure safety and to improve public health, we developed a risk assessment criteria (RAC) that combine all the necessary preventive elements (sanitary, hygienic, and organizational). RAC is a reliable assessment method based on the following sanitary-hygienic criteria: distance from the infectious source, contact time, and the magnitude of the contact hazard. Furthermore, we suggested an occupational classification system according to the coronavirus COVID-19 infectious risk (high risk, medium risk, and low risk).

To reduce the spread of coronavirus infections, we also proposed the use of the following sanitary-hygienic principles: time protection (the shorter the time of contact with potential carriers of a mild form of a disease, the lower the infectious risk), distance protection (compliance with social distancing), and impact scale protection (the fewer the contacts with possible asymptomatic carriers, the lower the infectious risk).

To minimize the spread of mass epidemics and infectious diseases, we believe that it is essential to implement a preventive action plan (PAP) that includes the following measures: reconsidering architectural standards; designing and building modular hospitals and modular equipment; mandatory self-isolation; and preparing a professional workforce. This action plan can be used to improve the readiness of public health authorities on countering biological threats in the short, medium, and long terms.

Respiratory-related deaths are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality every year in the developed world. Previous research outlines that greenhouse gas emission levels have a negative effect on respiratory health and can cause worsening of symptoms. This study examines the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on respiratory disease related mortality in Ireland from 2007-2017 using Statbank data from Central Statistics Office, Ireland. Analysis shows that over the last decade, while greenhouse gases emissions in Ireland have reduced by 1.1%, respiratory disease related mortality has increased on an average by 2.1%. Results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions have no significant relationship (p>0.05) with deaths as a result of respiratory diseases, indicating that the increasing levels of respiratory disease related mortality in Ireland cannot be attributed to greenhouse gas emissions.

Self-isolation is a preventive measure that started in January 2020 as a response to the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19 infection, and it has no precedents in human history. During this pandemic, governments forced billions of people to self-isolate for several months, and the sanitary-hygienic assessment of self-isolation became an essential issue. It is possible to assess self-isolation using several methods:

We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation.

We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake.

The self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) determines if self-isolation is (1) optimal, (2) favorable, or (3) unfavorable.

We determined methods to assess the level of functional reserves of the body.

We identified the leading risk factors for the health of the self-isolation population.

We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the sanitary-hygienic standards of the Russian Federation.

The sanitary-hygienic assessment of self-isolation can ensure the prevention of cardiovascular, alimentary-dependent diseases, and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Besides, self-isolation accompanies a decrease in motor activity and unbalanced nutrition.

Since the WHO designated the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020, Spain is one of the top ten countries around the world with the highest number of infected people. The COVID-19 pandemic not only damages individuals´ physical but also psychological health, increasing the probability of developing mental health problems. The exposure of population to the substantial psychosocial stress that the COVID-19 represents seems to lead them to experience lower feelings of life satisfaction and higher levels of state anxiety and death anxiety, especially among women, younger people and with lower resilience capacity. Despite their usefulness in intervention terms, data at this level on Spanish residents are still scarce. This study aims to explore the relations among age, gender, levels of resilience and mental health in a sample made up of 195 Spanish adults. It was conducted within three months from the state of alarm declared in Spain on March 14, 2020. Nonparametric tests conducted indicated that younger people experienced higher levels of death anxiety, and lower feelings of satisfaction with life. Moreover, younger women have less resilience. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest the importance of developing interventions that incorporate, especially among younger women, the strengthening of such a key personal resource as resilience capacity.

Introduction: As well as being a common source of stress, the workplace can be an arena in which greater awareness of the nature and causes of mental ill-health can be fostered. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the nature of work and the context of occupational health. iAmAWARE is an online platform, which enables employees to access psychoeducation and stress reduction training. Piloting of iAmAWARE with participant organisations coincided with the beginning of COVID lockdown. This paper reflects on lessons learned from introducing iAmAWARE and considers how participants reported the impact of lockdown on their personal wellbeing.

Methods: Participants were recruited from four organisations in contrasting industries. Following prior consultation and design input from representatives of the organisations, a prototype of iAmAWARE was made available to participants, with surveys before and after the period capturing wellbeing, workplace stress and mental health literacy.

Results and Discussion: COVID-19 presents major challenges for both researchers and organisations wishing to positively impact employees’ mental health. The participation of organisations and employees was put under strain by uncertainty and demands of responding to lockdown conditions. For those who continued to engage, it is difficult to infer either a true baseline level of wellbeing or disentangle the impact of the programme from that of the volatile environment. However, increased public focus on work modalities and on mental health also creates increased appetite for information and training, particularly in a format such as iAmAWARE which can be accessed from home. Our study demonstrates growing levels of engagement with mental health, which demands must be met with programmes shown to be effective.

Conclusions: Employers are correct to view COVID as a moment to invest in employees’ mental wellbeing and allow employees time to upskill and increase awareness. Researchers must be flexible, adaptable and sensitive to the needs of organisations if they wish to produce research which impacts workplace wellbeing.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis with unmatched outcomes and effects. This pandemic has caused an infodemic of article publication in scientific journal. Dental journals have been active in publication of COVID-19 related articles from the beginning of the pandemic. In this report, we present an analysis of the scientific output of dental journals on COVID-19.
Methods: Special COVID-19 database of PubMed was searched on December 3, 2020 with applying Dental Journals filter. Data including article type, journal name, country, and number of PubMed citations were recorded.
Results: The search retrieved a total of 658 articles, of which 26 were excluded as a result of duplicate records, the article being in a language other than English, the article being a correction or unrelated or briefing of other articles. 632 articles were included in the analysis. Oral Diseases has published the most COVID-19 articles (13.9%), followed by British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (8.1%), Journal of Dental Education (7.6%), British Dental Journal (6.8%) and Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (5.5%). Most of the articles were from researchers from the United States (168), United Kingdom (120), Brazil (83), Italy (64), China (54), and India (35). Most of the published articles were original articles (22.3%), letters (20.7%), reviews (15.3%), commentaries/perspectives/opinions (13.4%) and editorials (8.9%). The number of citations of the published articles ranged from 0 to 406. Most articles (64.2%) did not have any citations and only 5.0% of them had 10 or more citations.
Conclusion: The dental community has been active in publication of COVID-19 articles from the beginning of the pandemic. The papers published by dental journals explore issues such as management of clinical practices during the outbreak, infection control in the dental setting, signs and symptoms of COVID-19 affecting the oral cavity, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on educational and clinical programs.

The disease outbreaks have always had serious psychological repercussions on society. COVID-19 is also no different and has severely impacted the mental health of the populace in Pakistan. Pakistan has implemented various strategies to control the transmission of the disease. It includes lockdowns, self-isolation, and social distancing. This study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of COVID-19 in the context of lockdowns by capturing an immediate response in the first month. In this study, a cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 45 distinct districts across the country. The collected data was analyzed on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) path model. The results revealed that trust and belief in the government have more contribution to the mental health of society during the lockdown. Father’s education has played a significant role in mitigating the fear of job loss. More satisfied people have better mental health and also highly educated people do not have a fear of job loss. In a nutshell, this paper has practical implications for the government authorities to promote awareness about a healthy lifestyle during the lock-down period. Moreover, society’s trust and belief in government are helping people to mitigate the fear of job loss, resulting in better mental health. Thus, the government must formulate strategies to keep intact the public’s trust and belief in the institution, which will eventually contribute towards their better mental health.

Background: This research is focused on the oral health of a patient attending a dental appointment during the COVID-19 pandemic, where emergency treatments can have on infrared thermography (IRT), a technology that can be implemented as a screening method to quantify the temperature of the patient. IRT is an interesting bioengineering tool as it can provide more data to the clinician and even to the patient, who may not perceive the sublets fever sights from the begin; (2) Methods: Methods: This work analyzes anatomical landmarks on 98 frontal thermograms of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex; (3) Results: The regions of interest for fever screening analyzed were the forehead, the inner canthus left eye, the inner canthus right eye with the mean temperature of 33.75 °C, 34.50 °C and 34.58 °C respectively. Significant statistically differences were observed comparing the temperature values of the forehead and the inner canthus. A greater temperature symmetry was found between the inner canthus of the left eye compared to the contralateral right eye; and (4) Conclusions: The authors intend to provide information that can stimulate a reflection on future directions for research and regulatory methods applied in dental medical sciences and how these measures can integrate the dental activity in a multidisciplinary model. In the future, as a consequence of this CoVID-19 disease, more efforts will be made to provide indispensable apparatus and devices that complement the already existing protection equipment. Within the area of bioengineering, the infrared thermography can be implemented as a protective additional measure in the clinical protocol during the attendance of a patient.

Economic assessment is highly important in healthcare decision-making process. The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) concept provides a rare opportunity to combine two crucial aspects of health, i.e., mortality and morbidity, into a single index, in order to perform cost-utility comparison. Today, many tools are available to measure morbidity in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a large literature describes how to use them. Recently, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic challenged all healthcare systems and recommended measures (e.g., confinement, social distancing) that produced negative effects on population’s health as regards to HRQoL. To correctly assess this impact of the virus, it is important to use the most relevant QALY instruments. Hence, understanding their characteristics and development process is a key point. In this aim, we conducted a systematic review and 40 studies were selected after searches done in four databases: Medline EBSCO, Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. The search procedure ended on June 18, 2020. We mainly focused on the type of instrument developed, the number and the nature of dimensions and levels retained, the elicitation method and the model used to determine utility scores, and the instrument and algorithm validation methods. Results show that studies which treated the development of specific instruments were motivated by inappropriateness of generic instruments in those fields. For the dimensions’ and levels’ selection, the item response theory, the Rasch analysis and literature review were mostly used. Dimensions and levels were validated by methods like the Loevinger H, the standardised response mean or discussions with fields’ experts. The time trade-off method was the most widely used elicitation method followed by the visual analogue scale and random effects regression models served a lot in determining utility scores.