Canine transmissible venereal tumor is the oldest cancer in the world, which is transmitted during the mating process. They are classified into three types:lymphocytoid, mixed or plasmocytoid, the latter being chemoresistant, and important from a predictive perspective. Previous studies have shown that the insertion of transposon LINE-1 in the C-MYC gene has diagnostic importance, but the role of this process in the distinct behaviors observed in different cytomorphological types is still unknown. Therefore,we analyzed this insertion and cytomorphological diagnosis in CTVT samples in Belém, Brazil. Samples were collected from animals treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. The diagnosis and cytomorphological classification were made according to the predominant cell type. The DNA of the samples was extracted and the molecular diagnosis was made by PCR using specific primers to detect insertion as well as the sequencing of the samples. We found most of the samples were of the lymphocytoid type (75%) and we observed on molecular diagnosis a fragment of approximately 400 bp, which corresponds to the insertion of the transposon to the gene, which was confirmed in the sequencing of the samples. In the three cytomorphological types, the insertion of transposon is in the same region of DNA. Hence, considering that the insertion is in the same region in the three cytomorphological types, we can conclude that even though it is important for the oncogenesis process, this insertion has no influence on the cytomorphological type and its clinical differences.

The white hawk (Leucopternis albicollis) is a diurnal bird of prey (Accipriformes, Accipitridae). This species has a karyotype with a low diploid number (2n=66), however, the comparison with Gallus gallus (2n=78) and the putative avian ancestral karyotype indicates the occurrence of extensive chromosome fissions in the ancestral macrochromosomes. Hence, it is likely that fusions involving microchromosomes underly the decrease in the diploid number in the white hawk. Considering that the ancestral macrochromosomes are fissioned, the chromosome-specific probes made for each of the chromosome segments resulting from the fissions allow the detection of intrachromosomal rearrangements in species with conserved karyotype. Using this strategy, whole chromosome probes from the white hawk have been exploited as a cytogenetic tool for phylogenetic studies in birds since 2010. However, some problems were detected with this first set of probes. Here, we have constructed new probes of the white hawk in order to improve the previous set. Additionally, we have employed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) hybridization for chromosome 17-28 to confirm the expected microchromosome fusions. Our results show that microchromosomes 17-28 were involved in fusion events with macrochromosomes. In addition, a new nomenclature has been proposed for the new set of probes and some previous inaccuracies corrected. As an example, ancestral chromosome GGA1 is now shown to have homology to seven white hawk chromosomes rather than five, as homologies to two small chromosomes were missed. In conclusion, the new complete set of chromosome probes will improve the value of this tool for avian comparative cytogenetics.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens. Specifically, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) represented 61.2% of all reported serovars of confirmed human cases in 2017 in the European Union and about 70% of all reported serovars of confirmed human cases in 1988-2018 in Russia. Chickens known to be the main reservoir for S. Enteritidis (EFSA and ECDC 2018). However, there is a lack of information on full-genome sequences of S. Enteritidis, isolated in Russia. We report here the genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis S-25048 isolated from chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) meat in Artyom, Russia. The assembled genome size was 4,695,145 bp. A total of 4,565 coding genes, 4 rRNAs, 62 tRNAs, and 14 noncoding RNAs were predicted. To our knowledge, this is the first publically deposited annotated genome of this serovar isolated from chicken in Russia. The Salmonella Enteritidis S-25048 genome is suitable for use as a reference strain of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated in Russia.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent tumors in the world, however, the hereditary (Hereditary PC; HPC) form is a rare pathology (ORPHA: 1331), without exceeding 6%. Despite its very low incidence, a family history of PC in a first-degree relative multiplies the risk to suffer from PC approximately twofold. Therefore, the search for genetic variables associated with detection, monitoring and treatment is unavoidable.

Although the study of the genome and its expression have provided us with valuable information, it has not been able to describe biomarkers that help us resolve the appearance and evolution of the tumor. With this study, we make a deep analysis in data of exome and miRNAs analyzed by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis in search of new biomarkers as variants of aggressiveness of this tumor. We performed this analysis in a family of a high incidence of PC.

Our data revealed that some genes such as HIBCH and DPP4 are just present in all HPC patients. Moreover, high-risk patients have unique additional variants such as FANK1, TUBA3FP and ALDH3B2. These results provide a new set of promising biomarkers in HCP.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequent tumour in men in Spain and the second worldwide. The activation of the cytosolic androgen receptor (AR) by the androgenic signalling pathway is essential for carcinogenesis and tumour development. The importance of that pathway makes it the main target of treatments against PC, among which androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) stands out.

The heterogeneity of the response against the same treatment shows the importance of the search for molecular biomarkers which enable the prediction of the response to the therapy in each case. This work focuses on the characterization of the response to treatment in several patients of PC through the analysis of different genetic variants [rs10877012 (CYP27B1); rs3768490 (GSTM5); rs1004446 (IGF2)]. Thereby, candidate genetic positions involved in pathways implicated in the development of resistance against ADT were selected. The search of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was carried out to establish a possible connection between the genotype of each patient and the response to treatment.

The statistical analysis revealed a certain tendency to resistance in A/G carriers in rs1004446 (IGF2), although a relationship with statistical significance was not confirmed. Furthermore, a significant statistical relation between aggressive phenotypes was confirmed in SNP rs10877012 (CYP27B1, p=0.013). These results open up a wide range of possibilities for the future.