In our previous studies on traditional market conducted by the Urban Laboratory of Tarumanagara university, we have identified the different typologies of the traditional market and its positioning in the city today. One important finding is that the traditional street market has the function not only to provide the surrounding neighborhoods with everything they need for everyday life, but it also plays relevant role for the existence of local-specific urban culture.

The paper provides a better understanding of the traditional market as a local-specific urban institution in general and the contribution of the specific role of street market to the diversity of urbanity in particular. The research argues that the original concept of “City for All”, which should be understood that the city for all must include “local-specific interpretation of urban way of life” that would contribute to redefining the model of resilient urban system.

To evaluate the current urban policy with regards to the “City for All” concept and how it has been implemented by the public and private actors, the research employs qualitative data collection methods through series of field surveys at the selected locations, interviews with the relevant stakeholders, and document analyses.

The paper finds that the circulated misinterpretation of the concept “City for All” has led to the marginalization of the local-specific urban tradition. Moreover, the city of Jakarta has systematically erased the traditional market away from the city map by subordinating them under the “modern retail” or simply by prohibiting the street market to operate as the expense of better traffic. Consequently, the city becomes incapacitated and loses its ability to synergize the old-existing part of the city with the new model of urban form.

Contemporary research on urban systems looks at resilience as a framework to produce policies and projects that better integrate urban planning and design to make cities more capable of responding to sudden perturbations, to adapt to long-term future changes and to achieve higher levels of sustainability over time. Green infrastructure is recognised as a non-traditional approach to deliver a wide set of ecosystem services in cities and is increasingly recognised as a way to operationalize concepts of urban resilience through better delivery of urban planning and water sensitive urban design. This paper argues that the first step in delivery of effective Green Infrastructure planning and the improved delivery of ecosystem services is the identification, calculus and visualisation of the full spectrum of urban green space. In this research, three diverse case study cities – Rome, Sydney and Hanoi – were selected for their diverse geographical origins and planning history and the identification of a spectrum of Green Infrastructure types made via a transect mapping exercise. This revealed a diversity of public parks and plazas, streetscapes, terrain vague and domestic gardens and through analysing these cities urban fabric we propose how these identified spaces could theoretically deliver a range of beneficial ecosystem services for greater urban resilience, particularly concerning the increased adaptation capacity to climate change that can be obtained by multifunctional Green Infrastructure. We then considered the existing planning rules, strategies and mechanisms within each city, comparing the potential to better recognise and activate these spaces as critical pieces of overlooked green infrastructure into the metrics of a sustainable and resilient future city.

Marcus and Colding (2014) and Soane et al. (2012) have argued for the need to use the adaptive cycle theory as a conceptual tool of analysis and approach focusing on urban systems behavior. This heuristic focuses on Gunderson & Holling’s (2002) adaptive cycle and panarchy theory[1], which divides the dynamics and resilience of social-ecological systems (SES) in two distinct loops: the front-loop, which includes growth and conservation phases, and the back-loop, which includes collapse, and reorganization phases. Most recently, Herrmann et al. (2016) have used the tool to compare the growth and collapse of cities, highlighting the complementarities of the two loops, as well as their time and spatial dimensions.

Despite these recent developments on research have seldom used Holling’s adaptive cycle theory to examine the dynamics and resilience of urban planning (Marcus and Colding 2014, and Schlappa and Neill 2013). In particular, the novelty is to focus on real estate and its associated policy when analyzing a city’s adaptive cycle. We use the adaptive cycle theory to improve our understanding of cycles of urban hazards and change and offer a powerful narrative with practical implications for better understanding the vulnerabilities and windows of opportunity of these dynamics.

The objective is to contribute to bridge theory and practice and consolidate the use of Resilience Thinking as a methodology to identify thresholds for urban change, analyze urban SES evolutionary dynamics, and forecast forthcoming SES dynamic processes for community resilience. We use the methodologies and tools developed by the resilient thinking concept to conduct and compare two parallel SES dynamics and their evolution using empirical case studies such as the city of San Juan, Puerto-Rico, US and Barcelona, Spain after systemic crisis.

[1] Holling, C. S., & Gunderson, L. H. (Eds.). (2002). Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press.

This presentation is based on the "Participatory Planning for Climate Resilient Urban Development in Latin America" project that takes place in the cities of El Salvador, Colombia and Argentina. This project developed a practical and inclusive participatory-planning methodology that not only builds resilience, but also leads to sustainability through the reduction of inequities in the urban development process.

The primary objective of this project, as part of the Climate Resilient Cities in Latin America Initiative (CRC), which is funded by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and the International Development Research Center (IDRC), is to identify and apply a practical, innovative and participatory methodology and tools to support a climate resilient and inclusive urban development in the rapidly growing small and medium sized cities of Latin America. The project uses a decision support tool and methodology in a multi-stakeholder setting and test and assess in different contexts issues such as risk, vulnerability, urban development and decision-making. The methodology included a) stakeholder mapping and interviews, b) participatory workshops and the use of QuickScan tool, c) validation process, d) options portfolio and policy recommendations, e) implementation. The goal is to explore different options to integrate disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and resilience building strategies that will also ensure increased awareness and empowerment of stakeholders through a participatory process. The presentation will showcase the project implementation in three cities that led to a variety of resilience options and projects, some of which are currently implemented by local government - stakeholder partnerships. It will also discuss the operationalization of the concepts of research and pros and cons of the methodology used, while elaborating on the results, discussing similarities and dissimilarities of the three cities and recommendations for similar projects and research going forward.

This paper approaches ‘resilience’ through the new concept of ‘social resilience cells’ (SRCs). SRCs are defined as affordable housing providers or housing policy implementers who mobilize different discursive and material practices in their aim to influence the recovery profile of a post-disaster city, both socio-politically and through their housing initiatives. The analytical lenses of SRCs advance the political interpretation of resilience by elevating the notion from a single capacity of a system to resist shock and bounce back or forward in a linear, monodirectional way, to a highly politically sensitive, continuously changing, socially transformative process, with various ‘bounce-forward’ imaginations and trajectories steered and materialized by a heterogeneity of SRCs. This paper aims to further delve into the microphysics of resilience politics by shedding light on the politico-institutional role of SRCs, and more specifically on the practices, actions and strategies adopted by SRCs and their alliances to co-produce and co-implement more thoughtful and egalitarian post-disaster housing plans. The work is inspired by theories of social resilience, social and institutional capital and multi-level governance and relies on empirical data from ethnographic research of the Greater New Orleans Housing Alliance (GNOHA) and HousingNOLA; the institutionalized housing policy program in New Orleans that focuses on securing affordable housing for all city residents by 2025. The paper analyzes the ways in which alliances of SRCs such as GNOHA mobilize their members' social capital characteristics (endogenous and exogenous, individual and collective) in their interactions with institutions and decision-makers in order to monitor and ensure the implementation of jointly formulated housing plans. The analysis seeks to highlight the importance of the constant political presence of SRCs and their alliances in recovery governance arenas for the co-implementation of recovery plans that uninterruptedly treat all disaster affected-individuals and neighborhoods in an equal way.

Pulau Panggang is an inhabited island in Kepulauan Seribu islands, on the off-shore of Jakarta. With a 12-hectare in total area and 350 persons/Ha in density, Pulau Panggang becomes one of the densest small islands in Indonesia. Around 55% ( 4.200 inhabitants, on 2016) are subsistent fishermen. In addition, members of households are also petty traders of daily needsand/or working in the main land (greater Jakarta area). However, Pulau Panggang is also a part of Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park (KSMNP), which means that some restrictions to its utilization are also applied.

The combined challenge of rapid population growth (2.3%/year) and low carrying capacity of the island (limited availability of fresh water, electricity and land) has led to multiple problems. The problem of housing, for instance, is traditionally answered by practicing two approaches: traditional reclamation (by piling coral, sand and local waste), and/or 2-3 close families inhabiting a house. With this reclamation method, an additional 3 Ha of reclaimed land had been earned in the last 10 years.

Our on-going action research was intended to fill the gap concerning models of sustainable housing and livelihood for small islanders that is also conservation friendly. Initiated since 2016 by Universitas Tarumanagara, this research has been supported by Local Government and local community. To meet such a purpose, three stages have been taken. First, identified the needs of the community and the parties, using such methods as in-depth interviews. Second, conducting continued communication and negotiations with concerned parties in order to formulate acceptable criteria for housing, livelihood and conservation. Third, discussions and selection of alternative models of housing and livelihood. Results obtained is expected to meet the ultimate purposes of resilience against changes in environmental settings in one hand and sustainable housing and livelihood in the other.

Over the decades, tourism has experienced continued growth and become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. However, in some cities like Venice, Barcelona and Kyoto, tourism has become an important political issue; “overtourism”. It has become clear that too much concentration of touristic activities in some destinations in a city often could make inhabitants feel that there are too many visitors and that the quality of life in the area or the quality of the experience has deteriorated unacceptably. The advent of sharing economy for tourism accommodation like Airbnb has also provoked serious tensions between local residents and incoming tourists. Barcelona is struggling to cope with the sheer numbers of visitors, and the debate has erupted on a global stage, with residents’ rising anger and frustration over the intolerable rising land price and its following lack of affordable housing, which have been blamed on private accommodation being rented illegally. Japanese cities are not the exception. In recent years, the growing demand for touristic accommodation in Kyoto has been apparent due to explosive increase of foreign tourists. Among others, the number of cheap lodging house including holiday rental of private rooms has been emerging very rapidly. Therefore this study aims at 1) identifying a trend of site location of holiday rentals, 2) examining social impacts to its neighborhood and 3) arguing possible counter measures from urban planning perspective to improve living condition and resilience of neighborhoods that have been struggling for the overtourism. The implications are as follows; 1) holiday rentals have started to be located in residential area and in the narrow alley, 2) the number of accommodation owned by private corporate is increasing and the increase of those accommodation might produce the rapid increase in land prices and subsequent urban and social change of neighborhood.

In 2013, UNISDR recognized Barcelona as a role model city within the “Making Cities Resilient!” campaign. A year later, UN-Habitat selected the city to host the headquarters of the City Resilience Profiling Programme, a scheme to promote urban resilience beyond UNISDR’s traditional approaches of risk reduction. By the end of 2014, the Rockefeller Foundation incorporated Barcelona as a member of the 100 Resilient Cities network. Finally, in 2015, the UN Sustainable Development Goal on resilient cities was sanctioned by the Catalan network of cities towards sustainability. These international agencies and networks shaped the turn from climate-change urban resilience to multi-hazard urban resilience in Barcelona and its Metropolitan Region. However, as we argue in this article, the conception and operationalization of urban resilience was not only inspired by international agendas and actors, but also mediated by particular local agendas and needs. For instance, in Barcelona, the commitments of the new local government in 2015 brought new topics, such as the reception of refugees or the universal access to basic services, within the terrain of urban resilience. Thus, in this paper we first explore the role of both global and local agendas to transmit and shape ideas and practices of urban resilience. To do so, we review twenty urban plans and institutional declarations, international reports, and press materials referring to urban resilience from the Barcelona Metropolitan Region. Second, we discuss the interplay between globally circulating and locally emerging resilience-building efforts, and we identify potential elements of consensus and dissensus regarding the way to design and implement urban resilience.

This working paper explores the new and emerging issues related to the application of the theory of Urban Resilience and the concept of Panarchy (Gunderson & Holling) to the understanding of urban dynamics. To do so, it will analyse the “Urban Gaps” of Mataró, studying the interaction and the feedback relationship between urban planning and social initiatives, as a continuum interaction of dynamic cycles at different scales.

The first part of the paper aims to show the evolution of the different meanings of Resilience concept, from its original conception from the engineering industry, characterized by the capacity of a system to go back to an starting point; the socioeconomic resilience, highlighted by the amount of resistance facing stochastic events; until the socioecological one, where the emphasis lays on the adaptive capacity of the system and the interaction between adaptive cycles at different time and space scales (Panarchy).

The second part includes the main field work body of the project consisting on the characterization of each dynamic cycle interacting at each space and time scale. Thus, the smallest and fastest one (parcel) is associated to social motion initiatives; the medium (neighbourhood) , is identified with successive urban planning reviews; and finally, the biggest and slowest (city) is linked to “Urban Gaps”.

This part includes the localization and characterization of the urban gaps of Mataro, the review of all the urban planning since the approval of the Local Master Plan in 1977 and the identification of several social actions that have taken place from then till nowadays.

Finally, as the innovative part of this work, Panarchy schemes are drawn showing the different mechanisms and processes through which the different stakeholders and actors interarct and the urban dynamics happen, providing a better understanding of the evolution of the whole system.

We are living in a man-made era called Anthropocene, where global warming is its most emblematic crisis and cities are the engines of economic growth and social change. The paradox is that the structures that have made its development possible are nowadays responsible for their lack of resilience. In this context of an over- designed world we may think that this is consequence of bad design. This is even more evident in coastal areas where more than a billion people live. Many of them have already suffered the catastrophic effects of climate change, but all of them are increasingly vulnerable.

Thus, it is necessary a renewed conceptual framework for coastal planning and design that recognizes the coast as complex adaptive socio-ecological systems with the capacity and knowledge to change and adapt to face climate change effects. As a result of this conceptual reformulation special concepts arise which are directly linked to a vocabulary that is unknown in some cases and even inexistent in some others. This is the aim of the Coastal resilience lexicon for cities.

Because prior to the physical changes to promote coastal resilience it becomes essential a conceptual metamorphosis supported by its own semantics, generated through design. Both technical and scientific languages remain always alive and their evolution has addressed their own adaptation to different contexts and societies along the centuries, shaping the substrate of its culture.

The preliminary taxonomy of design families for coastal resilience proposed is the result of the study of strategies and design structures developed in cities worldwide attending to the its hazards under a changing climate. The site-specific development of these new structures will be capable of transforming the demand for simple objects (projects or plans) in renewed coastal landscapes: hybrids of nature and culture, hand in hand with design and technology.