The implementation of urban resilience relies, among other mechanisms, on the communication, the coordination and the cooperation of individuals, groups of people and organizations belonging to different sub-systems of the city (government, private organizations, civil society, citizens, etc.) in routines, emergency, crisis and disaster situations. The diversity and the complexity of the cultural dimension that is to say share meanings, beliefs, assumptions, understandings, norms, values and knowledge influence individual, collective and organizational behaviours (decision-making, communication, actions, etc.) and consequently the efficiency of resilience associated-tasks.

The panel aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of culture variability on urban resilience and its implementation with theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions.

• Theoretical contributions objective at firstly characterizing culture variability and its effects on communication, coordination and cooperation processes. Secondly to study how culture variability influences urban resilience efficiency and implementation.
• Empirical proposals aim to identify the role of culture variability affects individual, group and organizational behaviour during accidents and disasters.
• Practical communications objective at proposing methodological and technological solutions for considering culture variability when designing individual, collective and organizational tasks, when assessing resilience performance, when simulating resilience situations or when defining scenarios for exercises or simulations.

The panel will contribute to the objective of the conference with considering resilience and urban systems on the perspective of the dimension of culture and with describing how to find this dimension in practices with the description of examples of methods and tools supporting resilience implementation that considered cultural variability.

Urban areas—their inhabitants and their infrastructure—are often concentrated in exposed areas like coasts and drylands and thus vulnerable to extreme events. Climate change is driving increasing frequency and magnitude of such events, such that risk to people and infrastructure in cities is one of the prime manifestations of the interaction between these two major components of global change. As a result of this accelerating risk, there is increased awareness of and interest in the concept of resilience among city practitioners and urban scholars alike. We present a conceptual framework for urban social-ecological-technological systems (SETS) that integrates three domains: social/equity/governance, environmental/ecological, and engineering/built environment/technology issues. We assert that socioecological systems and socially sensitive engineering approaches that fail to incorporate the third dimension may reduce resilience to climate-related disaster.

The Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network is exploring: 1) potential solutions such as green infrastructure and safe-to-fail design, 2) modifications of ecosystem services approaches and vulnerability and resilience assessment under a SETS framing, and 3) participatory visioning of sustainable, resilient futures to guide urban transformation. A SETS approach enriches these activities through sensible balancing of the three domains, evaluating tradeoffs among them and opportunities for emergence that can support transformation. The infrastructure of the future must leverage ecosystem services, improve social well being, and exploit new technologies in ways that benefit all segments of urban populations and are context specific. Contexts are defined not only by the biophysical environment but also by culture and institutions of each place. The SETS conceptual framework is being applied in ten diverse western hemisphere cities to co-develop, with city practitioners, visions of resilient SETS infrastructure for an uncertain future.

Los eventos naturales extremos reflejan un incremento que ha afectado las ciudades medias como Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, donde existe una frecuencia mayor, pero al mismo tiempo, una serie de efectos sociales y económicos particularmente debido a inundación y pérdida material, incluso con la implementación del plan DNIII (desastres nacionales). Esta incidencia de eventos no ha sido considerada en la planeación urbana, a pesar de ser afectada la ciudad de manera directa. En este trabajo, se plantea un índice de resiliencia que recoja las particularidades de una ciudad subdesarrollada, es decir con condiciones político administrativas diferenciadas. Derivado de dicho indice se plantea recuperar aquellos aspectos inherentes a la gestión y administración que pueden modificar la vulnerabilidad ante eventos naturales en la ciudad, es decir, considerando su capacidad interna de mitigación, particularmente la organización social o la participación pública en la generación de estrategias locales.

Following Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, Tacloban City was left decimated. Since the storm, masterplans have proposed technical solutions, yet local and regional authorities charged with rebuilding efforts have struggled with implementation, leaving many plans unrealized and enabling business as usual; this is not unique to the Philippines. Cities around the world are grappling with managing and building resilience through standard governmental processes.

In 2017, One Architecture was awarded a grant from the Global Resilience Partnership to team with the Philippines Reclamation Authority (PRA) and other local stakeholders to pilot a series of ecological restoration projects drawn from a coastal protection masterplan.

As a case study, the Tacloban project confronts disjointed project management from fragmented resilience thinking, competing institutional interests, and a fractured system of concurrent masterplanning. Our key finding suggests that jurisdictional overlap and ambiguities are the primary impediment in building resiliency for disaster risk reduction in the Philippines

In a low-lying tropical city like Tacloban with its latticework of jurisdictions, the PRA is a central stakeholder with assets along the 36,000-km long coastline. While reclamation is in their name, the PRA is actively reframing their mission. With the increasing importance of disaster risk reduction, this prompted exploration into what makes a resilience authority?

• How can we build resilience through streamlined processes that redefine institutional practices?
• What organizational structures facilitate effective interagency coordination?
• How can governmental agencies become part and parcel of resiliency?

It became clear that the incorporation of new modes of practice must focus on holistic integration. The Tacloban pilots aim to disentangle institutional authority and demonstrate how theory can reframe governance for integrated resilience planning. We hope this smoothing of agency functions can aid in advancing resilience planning from the bookshelf into practices focused on long-term implementation and adaptation.

As the impact of the climate change, the city flood in China has been becoming more and more serious recently. Under this circumstance, government in China started to push a new city construction concept called Sponge City. In 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Construction set 30 cities as the pilots for the implantation of Sponge City. The Special Planning of Sponge City had been made out to support the development of the pilot cities. More than 3 years passed, the term Sponge City has become popular all over China, more and more cities started to accept the Sponge City concept, and tried to find the proper way to make plans and to implement. To improve the way to build sponge city, an important way is to summarize the experience and problem in the past 3 years. Based on the accumulations of the planning documents, selected sites surveys and interviews and questionnaire surveys of the officials from the 30 pilot cities, this research tries to summarize the present paradigm of building sponge city in China and analyzes the problem on planning making and implementation performance.

In this session we will present and discuss the potential of High Resolution Dynamic Spatial Models to support resilience building in cities. Integrating machine learning, geo-computation, spatial modelling and data visualisation, our team has developed a flexible modelling framework to simulate future urban scenarios according to different development pathways. The model outputs -10 m resolution grid- allow users to visually explore how their city ‘could look like’ under different trajectories, assess possible trade-offs between alternative futures and quantify potential impacts of extreme events and climate related hazards, such as coastal flooding or heat waves.We have applied our model to cities such as New York (USA), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Valdivia (Chile) and Hermosillo (Mexico), co-developing the scenarios through local collaboration with practitioners and stakeholders. In this session we will i) present the results for the different cities, ii) discuss the challenges faced on the process -e.g. data limitations, model customisation, transforming visions to algorithms, etc.- and iii) ignite a debate on how these models could contribute to foster ‘resilience thinking’ in cities.

This paper describes the catalysts, strategies and tactics of Bangkok's urban transformation. It links the essence of Bangkok's historic economic development in relation to the city's urbanisation and offers a framework for understanding the urban spatial productions of resilience in rapidly transforming and developing political economies of Southeast Asia.

The concept of Urban Choreographies localises resilient Siamese urban development practises of selected inner-city neighbourhoods in the larger body of contemporary urban transformation theories. Addressing adaptive reuse and renewal, creative production and consumerism, it invites the reader to rethink urban qualities and spatial production less according to a building’s size and programmes (scale) but rather in terms of its experience over time (urban intensities).

Supported by interviews, photographic documentation and cartography, this paper offers a balance of personal narratives, spatial theory, economic history and the singularity of urban change. Learning from this study, the reader can derive and further develop site-specific quality criteria and strategic urban planning frameworks for rapidly evolving urban planning conditions.

The interrelation between actions towards sustainability and urban resilience is an aspect of great significance in the development of cities. The paper focuses on resilience from the urban planning perspective to be applied in the national legal framework of Spain, based on the extensive experience that sustainability has acquired in this discipline. However, the difficulty of introducing risk mitigation measures and climate change adaptive strategies in the regulatory framework means rethinking mechanisms to transform urban processes. The research carried out focuses on identifying the deficits that exist within the legal framework to make spatial planning, itself, a resilient and sustainable tool. The reformulation of new standards in local spatial planning, especially those related to green and blue infrastructure, allows redrawing the decision-making process from a holistic point of view, combining environmental, social and economic sustainability with urban resilience isues. Our study offers a taxonomy of regulatory modifications in spatial planning at local scale associated with indicators and standards useful for spatial development. The introduction of new calculation parameters when establishing the surface and location of the open spaces network (green and blue infrastructure) favors a sustainable and resilient urban planning. Some strategies, such as the ones developed in Red Hook (New York) and the Zorrotzaurre area project in Bilbao present innovative solutions in the alignment ofsustainability and resilience. The paper will contribute to a greater understanding of the application ofknowledge acquired on sustainability and resilience in spatial planning actions supported by an appropriate legal framework in the Spanish context.

The concept of Resilience and its application to the management of the urban environment and urban planning has taken great relevance in recent years. However, most of the works related to Urban Resilience are focused on improving the capacity of the urban environment in the face of stochastic events derived or produced by climate change and natural effects or by terrorist acts. Therefore, these works conceive of Resilience as a property of the system, so that we will speak of resilient cities.

As a part of the doctoral Thesis I am working on, a practical case is presented based on the regeneration process of some old auto repair workshops in Mataró (Barcelona) and its reconversion into a social and cultural center from the conception of Resilience as the own adaptive process and, therefore, as the transition from a situation of stagnation (obsolescence) to a stage of reorganization of space.
For this, the application of the heuristic of the Adaptive Cycle and the Panarchy (Gunderson and Holling, 2002) is proposed as the ideal theoretical framework to analyze the evolutionary trajectory along the different phases of growth, accumulation, liberation or destruction and reorganization, as well as as to analyze the mechanisms of interaction (Revolt / Remember) with other systems - social, regulatory, economic - at different spatial and temporal scales that determine the process.
In addition, we use this same approach to analyze the process of reusing the own interior space, mapping its reorganization dynamics and identifying links between the formal, structural and temporal conditions of that space and the nature of the social groups that use them and the activities that are developed, on the one hand, and the legal and regulatory framework, on the other.

In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Of these, Goal 11 is about making cities “Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable” and stresses the importance of adopting and implementing integrated policies in support of urban resilience. This theme was further reinforced by the New Urban Agenda (2017) which calls cities to “build resilience and responsiveness to natural and man-made hazards, and foster mitigation and adaptation to climate change” (United Nations, 2017: 7), also recognizing how “urban form, infrastructure, and building design are among the greatest drivers of cost and resource efficiencies, through the benefits of economy of scale and agglomeration” (ibid. p: 4).

Whilst these documents attest the global recognition of the importance of the design of urban form in pursuing more sustainable development trajectories, the concept of resilience in the vocabulary of urban designers remains little more than a buzzword. Indeed, today, urban resilience remains still largely approached from an ecological-environmental perspective, that fails to integrate consolidated theoretical knowledge, methods and practices typical of the urban design area of research and pays little attention to the morphological structure of cities which, in turn, is highly relevant to urban designers. This is a major impediment for urban designers and resilience scholars to unleash the full potential of SDG 11.

To overcome this limitation, this panel tackles the link between urban form and resilience from different perspectives, addressing the meaning and implications of “urban form resilience”, from theory to implementation. During this panel, theoretical work on the application of the framework of evolutionary resilience to urban form will be presented along with several contributions focusing on the link between urban form resilience, urban design practice and economic value of places, in relation to the guidelines for action set by the New Urban Agenda.