As online learning is developing with the arrival of the big data era, this has reformed the educational field from face-to-face classrooms to online learning and has resulted in the emergence of learning analytics. In this regard, a massive volume of data generated by students when they interact with online learning (e.g., number of logins, views, posts, etc.) becomes more available, and this data can be tracked and used to understand the learning behaviour of students. In other words, students’ online learning behaviours via log files in Learning Management Systems can be analysed to gain insight into what has been done by students in online learning through learning analytics. However, to date, there have only been a few studies investigating learning behaviour data of students with different learning styles through learning analytics in an e-learning environment. Due to the limited research, this study aims to fill in this gap by exploring the online learning behaviours of students based on learning styles in e-learning embedded with learning analytics intervention and the relationship between the number of log-ins, viewing activities, interactions in the discussion forum, and students’ academic performance. A quantitative research design was employed using different instruments such as students’ server log files and academic performance tests. The findings showed that students with different learning styles behaved differently in an e-learning environment. In addition, this study also discovered that there was a weak, negative correlation between the number of views and academic performance, which was statistically significant. The findings of this study can be a good reference for instructors who can use this information for the redesign of courses in e-learning.

Providing the HPV vaccine at no cost in Bangladesh portrays a significant innovation in public health. Although the HPV vaccine has been implemented for adolescent girls in most schools from rural to urban regions, subsequent uptake among adolescents has shown an observable decline. This study addresses a significant gap by examining how adolescent women’s knowledge and social beliefs shape their engagement with the HPV vaccine. Based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, the research critically analyzes perceptions of vaccines and behavioral orientations shaped by socio-cultural beliefs. A phenomenological qualitative design was employed, using purposive sampling to recruit 20 participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and thematically analyzed to identify recurring patterns related to social beliefs about this vaccine. Diffusion of innovation theory suggests that the effective implementation of an innovation within a society depends on its five core dimensions – relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. The findings of this research reveal that the HPV vaccination program remains limited in aligning with these dimensions. Findings reveal that a lack of knowledge, incompatibility, limited awareness, and culturally insensitive communication play a critical role in shaping misconceptions about vaccine implementation in healthcare, as well as undermining trust and sustained participation. The perception of HPV vaccination as an unnecessary, sensitive intervention shaped by socio-cultural beliefs undermines motivation to engage in vaccination uptake.

Abstract

In 2024, Azerbaijan became the first country in the world to introduce a fully mandatory digital labor contract system, fundamentally transforming the governance of labor relations. Building upon the Electronic Information System for Labor Contracts launched in 2014, recent amendments to the Labor Code abolished the requirement for physical books on labor and established electronic contracts as the sole legally valid format. All employment agreements must now be drafted, signed, registered, and stored digitally through the Labor and Employment Subsystem (EMAS), using reinforced electronic signatures such as Mobile ID, biometric verification, or USB token-based signatures.

The reform addresses long-standing structural challenges, including informal employment, administrative inefficiencies, fragmented workforce data, and limited transparency. The system embeds legal requirements directly into its architecture, automatically validating compliance with minimum wage, age, and working time regulations before a contract can enter into force. Real-time data exchange with more than 80 public and private institutions ensures accuracy, eliminates manual data entry, and enables proactive, risk-based labor inspection.

Measurable outcomes demonstrate significant impact. Contract registration time decreased from 2–3 days to 5–10 minutes, while the number of registered labor contracts increased from 1.4 million in 2019 to 1.8 million in 2025. Informal employment risks declined to minimal levels, fraud cases were nearly eliminated, and approximately 17 million sheets of paper were saved.

By institutionalizing compliance-by-design and a fully digital contract lifecycle, Azerbaijan has set a global benchmark for transparent, efficient, and rights-based labor governance aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 16.

This research explores the emotional, behavioral, and developmental influence of 1990s
animated content on individuals who were children during that decade, with a focus on the
Pakistani context. Targeting Millennials currently in their 30s and 40s, the study examines the
lasting impact of nostalgic media on emotional growth, social behavior, and cultural identity, and
compares it with the experiences of Generation Alpha, who are being raised in a digitally
immersive era. The qualitative study involves 40 participants 20 parents (10 male, 10 female) and
20 children (10 boys, 10 girls) through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and focus
groups. It investigates how nostalgic attachment to 90s cartoons influences contemporary views
on childhood, parenting, and education. The research analyzes international animated classics such
as The Lion King (1994), Beauty and the Beast (1991), and Aladdin (1992), recognized for their
emotional storytelling, moral frameworks, and hybrid animation techniques, all of which gained
popularity in Pakistan via dubbed television broadcasts. In addition, the study incorporates
regional animated figures such as Uncle Sargam, created by Farooq Qaiser, and Meena, introduced
by UNICEF in 1993, which played pivotal roles in promoting social awareness, particularly in
areas like girls’ education and children’s rights. Findings suggest that while today’s fast-paced,
technologically driven media often emphasizes visual stimulation, it lacks the emotional depth and
cultural grounding found in earlier content. By comparing intergenerational responses, this study
underscores the evolving role of animated narratives in shaping emotional resilience, moral
understanding, and cultural imagination among children in Pakistan.

Digital platforms promise connection, community, and convenience. Yet rising rates of loneliness, declining face-to-face interaction, and increased social fragmentation suggest a paradox at the heart of technological society. This paper argues that contemporary digital economies are structurally incentivized to monetize human isolation rather than reduce it.

Through an analysis of platform design, attention economies, and data-driven engagement models, the study contends that social media and AI-powered systems are optimized to capture attention, prolong screen time, and stimulate emotional dependency. These mechanisms, while profitable, may inadvertently weaken offline social bonds and reshape interpersonal relationships into algorithmically mediated exchanges.

The paper explores how recommendation systems, personalized feeds, and digital consumption patterns contribute to the commodification of intimacy and belonging. It raises a central question: if platforms financially benefit from prolonged engagement, do they have meaningful incentives to foster genuine human connection?

Rather than framing technology as inherently harmful, this research situates the problem within broader political-economic structures that reward engagement over well-being. It concludes by discussing regulatory and ethical frameworks capable of realigning technological innovation with social cohesion.

Ultimately, it asks whether society is confronting a technological crisis or merely adapting to a new economic model built on engineered dependency. If digital platforms thrive when users remain emotionally and socially tethered to their screens, then the boundary between connection and exploitation becomes increasingly blurred. The deeper concern is whether social fragmentation is an unintended consequence of innovation or a predictable outcome of profit-maximizing design.

The rapid expansion of digital transformation has not only reshaped patterns of communication, work, and education, but has also redefined fundamental concepts such as identity, participation, and belonging. This shift has led to the emergence of “digital citizenship” as an extension of traditional citizenship within the virtual sphere. In this context, there is a growing need to develop a coherent theoretical and legal framework for digital human rights that responds to the profound changes technology has introduced into the nature of human existence and interaction. This study aims to analyze the features of a model of digital citizenship that operates across two interconnected realms, the physical and the digital, where individuals exercise their rights and responsibilities within a hybrid environment that merges material reality with cyberspace. The study advances the argument that digital citizenship cannot be reduced to the mere use of technological tools. Rather, it requires recognition of a distinct set of rights reflecting the ontological specificities of digital existence, including the right to internet access, data protection, digital identity, cybersecurity, and freedom of expression on digital platforms. While traditional human rights frameworks remain essential, they are not fully equipped to address the complexities generated by the digital sphere. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that effective access to digital human rights is closely linked to prevailing forms of digital inequality, including disparities in technological access, digital literacy, and legal protections. These gaps hinder the realization of digital justice and pose significant challenges to the universality of human rights in the digital age, underscoring the need to rethink public policies to ensure inclusive protection across both physical and virtual domains.

This research explores the evolution of school governance within the European cultural area, building on a theoretical framework established in 2019. Governance is defined here not merely as an administrative act, but as a complex process of decision-making and implementation involving diverse stakeholder networks.

The study utilizes an updated morphological matrix of ideas to analyze the interaction between democratic principles (rights, responsibilities, active participation, and diversity) and key educational fields (value-based education, communication, and discipline). The primary focus is investigating the transition from "hard governance"—characterized by compulsory legal regulations—to "soft governance", which relies on persuasion, shared values, and democratic dialogue.

The methodology employs a robust triangulation approach, collecting data from six distinct categories of actors: school principals, teachers, auxiliary staff, students, parents, and community partners. This multi-level analysis aims to identify the "decisional synergy" required to foster organizational change and development in modern school systems.
Preliminary findings, based on the application of the morphological matrix, suggest that the inversion of the relationship between obligation and assumption of responsibility is key to superior educational quality. The final results will provide a set of indicators for institutional transparency and participatory management, facilitating a more effective dialogue between schools and their communities.

School governance represents a fundamental pillar of organizational development, moving beyond traditional management toward a culture of active democratic participation. This study explores the transition from "hard governance," based on compulsory legal regulations, to "soft governance," which relies on shared values, persuasion, and the perception of internal and external relationships. The research is grounded in the necessity of evaluating how school systems in the European cultural space adapt their decision-making processes to foster systemic change.

In his influential 2016 book Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming, Swedish scholar Andreas Malm offered a new explanation for the English cotton manufacturing industry’s transition from rural, abundant, and cheap direct-drive waterpower to urban and more expensive stationary coal-generated steam power. After exonerating waterpower’s unreliability, non-scalability and geographical inflexibility, he argued that the real culprits were capitalists who prioritized controlling their workforce in a time of labor unrest, something more easily achieved in large agglomerations with abundant surplus labor. As such, the current climate crisis is rooted in the outcome of a class struggle rather than inherent advantages of carbon fuels over previous power sources. With adequate public planning and support, moving away from carbon fuels towards preferable alternatives should, therefore, be easier than commonly imagined.

This essay challenges Malm’s historical narrative by revisiting traditional and more recent interpretations with evidence that demonstrates how the combination of costlier steam engines and urban locations delivered greater returns on investment because of factors ranging from reduced transportation costs to easier access to larger and more diverse pools, service providers and skilled labor. A case is made that overturning past outcomes of market processes that factored in numerous trade-offs is much more complex, costly and environmentally damaging than suggested by Malm’s historical narrative.

Introduction:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is slowly entering policing, welfare support, and the legal systems of the Global South, thereby changing how institutions operate. The introduction of AI in the Global South is not only a technological phenomenon of modernization of the equipment, but also a complete restructuring of the government, which was realized by replacing the current infrastructure. Without transparency and challenge mechanisms, the locus of accountability will move not only out of the formal oversight structures, but also into more opaque processes.

Methods:

The research will use a mixed-methods approach to compare the acceptance of AI systems in India, Brazil, and Kenya. It analyzes 35 procurement contracts, AI strategy studies on the national level, and statistical data of predictive policing and welfare automation. Those findings are critically triangulated against 24 semi-structured interviews with judges, public defenders, technologists, and representatives of civil society. In place of gauging the effects on efficiency, the analytical framework focuses on the conversion of operational authority, changes in discretionary space, and the stability of procedural protection within institutional practice.

Results:

It has been found that algorithmic infrastructures mechanize the operational power of proprietary technical ecosystems, thus restricting the discretionary judgment and institutional access to model construction and information logic. Respondents identified a few avenues to challenge automated decisions, noting inconsistencies in regulations. The comparative analysis of the three national settings shows that the tendency to refer to outside vendors and spend minimal internal audit power is universal.

Conclusion:

The introduction of AI in the Global South is not only a technological phenomenon of modernizing equipment, but also a complete restructuring of government, achieved by replacing the current infrastructure. Without transparency and challenge mechanisms, the locus of accountability will move not only out of the formal oversight structures, but also into more opaque processes.

How do predictive monitoring technologies affect the likelihood and form of protest? Classical repression theories analyze state coercion as reactive responses to observable collective action. This framework fails when algorithmic surveillance enables states to intervene before mobilization occurs, inverting the temporal sequence that defines conventional repression. I develop a theory of anticipatory repression wherein states deploy predictive analytics to identify and preempt potential threats rather than responding to manifest challenges. Anticipatory repression operates through three interconnected mechanisms. Perception renders potential dissent informationally visible by capturing behavioral signals through surveillance networks and data scraping. Prediction transforms these signals into probabilistic risk assessments through algorithmic analysis. Preemption operationalizes prediction through early interventions designed to disrupt mobilization before protests become observable in empirical records. These mechanisms generate three testable propositions: predictive surveillance infrastructure deployment (1) reduces protest incidence, with effects strongest for spontaneous, low-threat mobilization; (2) alters protest form by increasing organizational formality and reducing public visibility; and (3) operates similarly across regime types while varying in implementation intensity according to institutional constraints. I employ a nested mixed-methods design combining a quantitative analysis of protest event data with qualitative case studies examining surveillance deployment in China, Nigeria, and the United States. Preliminary analysis suggests that predictive monitoring correlates with reduced mobilization and systematic changes in organizational tactics across different political systems, with significant implications for democratic contestation and civil liberties in an era of ubiquitous surveillance.