We consider a novel approach to mathematically define a graphing method to represent amino acid sequences of proteins in two-dimensional plane and characterize them numerically. The amino acids are represented by their relative magnitude of their hydrophobicity. Each amino acid is compared with a vector and moves in relative direction which generates a graph. Applications are shown in Zaire Ebola Virus to conclude how this plotting can be more useful than base sequence plotting. Also, superimposition graph of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 shows that these sequences are strongly related and Various other applications are shown too to explain it's fruitfulness.

Okra is a cultigen (a plant that has been altered by humans through aprocess of selective breeding). The exact origin of okra is unknown, but it is thought to have come from Africa, where it has been grown as a crop for centuries. Evidence suggests it was grown in Egypt as long ago as 2,000 BC. Today it is widely cultivated for its edible green fruits, which are harvested when immature (after 3 - 5 days of development), and are infamous for their slimy mucilage. It plays a vital role to preserve our health. In recent times, the use of herbal products has increased tremendously in the western world as well as developed countries. India is one of the most medico-culturally diverse countries in the world where the medicinal plant sector is part of a time-honoured tradition that is respected even today. Medicinal plants are believed to be safer and proved elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.

The emergence of natural polymers like gums and mucilages in drug delivery systems has curbed the rampant use of the synthetic materials for therapeutic purposes. Natural excipients offered advantages such as non-toxicity, less cost and abundantly availablity. Aqueous solubility of natural excipients plays an important role in their selection for designing immediate, controlled or sustained release formulations. This review article provide an overview of natural gum, polymers and mucilages as excipients in dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.These recent investigations have provided ample evidences that these natural gums and mucilages like Gellan Gum,Gum Acacia,Locust bean gum could efficaciously deliver therapeutics to the diseased site without exerting any significant adverse effects on the normal cells. Hencefoth these natural polymers are endowed with the ability to function as like green emissaries for the transport of essential therapeutic agents which in turn will help in restraining the belligerence of different grave diseases like cancer.

In India emissions of gaseous pollutants increasing day by day due to rapidly growth in industrialization, population density and urbanization. In this study, we present the annual and seasonal variations of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration over India region from 2006-2015 using satellite remote sensing dataset from the sources Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). In this study we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of gases and their seasonal behaviors i.e., monthly, seasonal, annual mean variations of trace gases and also trend analysis of CO gases and comparison of the seasonal behavior of the CO gases by trend analysis were assessed. The highest column amount of CO emission was observed in east-to-western part of India region due to fossil and bio-fuel combustions, biomass burning, smoke and industrial process and oxidation of methane. In this study we also examine the seasonal yearly variations, increment and decrement of CO concentrations over the selected eleven different cities of India region by considering 2006 as a base year and propose the behaviors of gases during (2007-2015). In India maximum CO emission noticed in the immensely populated states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, where usage of fuel wood burning and bio-fuel is predicted to be acute for domestic purpose as in rural areas, 80% of population lives.

A new method, 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, aiming at similarity/dissimilarity analysis of biological sequences, has been formulated. It belongs to a group of non-standard bioinformatics approaches called alignment-free methods. In the new method, sequences are represented by sets of material points in a 4D space - 4D-dynamic graphs. The method is a generalization of our previous 2D and 3D approaches [1,2]. In particular, 2D and 3D methods have been applied for the characterization of the complete genome sequences of viruses [3,4,5]. We call the methods dynamic, because the graphs are characterized by some values analogous to the ones used in the classical dynamics. In this work 4D moments of inertia are proposed as numerical characteristics (descriptors) of the 4D-dynamic graphs representing the sequences. 2D and 3D projections of the 4D-dynamic graphs are proposed as graphical representations of the sequences. 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences has been applied to an analysis of the complete genome sequences of the 2019 novel coronavirus, available in March 2020 in GenBank. The proposed descriptors of the 4D-dynamic graphs proved to be very good. 4D moments of inertia correctly classify the sequences. The descriptors representing complete genome sequences of Deltacorovirus and of Betacoronavirus are located in different parts of the classification maps. The detailed classification of Betacoronaviruses to Embevovirus and the 2019 novel coronavirus is also recognized by the method. The descriptors representing Embevovirus and the 2019 novel coronavirus are also located in different parts of the maps.

References

[1]. Bielińska-Wąż, D.; Clark, T.; Wąż, P.; Nowak, W.; Nandy, A. 2D-dynamic representation of DNA sequences. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 442, 140–144.

[2]. Wąż, P.; Bielińska-Wąż, D. 3D-dynamic representation of DNA sequences. J. Mol. Model. 2014, 20, 2141.

[3]. Panas, D.; Wąż, P.; Bielińska-Wąż, D.; Nandy, A.; Basak, S.C. 2D–Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences as a Characterization Tool of the Zika Virus Genome. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 2017, 77 321–332.

[4]. Panas, D.; Wąż, P.; Bielińska-Wąż, D.; Nandy, A.; Basak, S.C. An Application of the 2D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences to the Prediction of Influenza A Virus Subtypes, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 80 (2018) 295-310.

[5]. Bielińska-Wąż, D.; Panas, D.; Wąż, P. Dynamic Representations of Biological Sequences, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 82 (2019) 205-218.

You are welcome to follow the lesson on Data Commercialization by Ann-Kristin Lieberknecht, MSc. in the course Data Ethical and Legal Issues Regarding ICT Data Protection. The lesson focuses on (1) what is data commercialization, (2) why is it relevant, and (3) the regulation of data commercialization and other aspects. This course is offered within the framework of the PANELFIT Project by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, with the help of the Partners and especially of the European Citizen Science Association (ECSA). The specific objective of this course is to train citizens on basic ethical and legal issues related to the protection of personal data, in accordance with the new European Data Protection Regulation and complementary regulations. https://www.panelfit.eu/ethical-and-legal-issues-regarding-ict-data-protection/

You are welcome to follow the lesson on The Importance of Data in Today´s World by Prof. Dr. Carlos María Romeo Casabona in the course Data Ethical and Legal Issues Regarding ICT Data Protection. This course is offered within the framework of the PANELFIT Project by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, with the help of the Partners and especially of the European Citizen Science Association (ECSA). The specific objective of this course is to train citizens on basic ethical and legal issues related to the protection of personal data, in accordance with the new European Data Protection Regulation and complementary regulations. https://www.panelfit.eu/ethical-and-legal-issues-regarding-ict-data-protection/

Among the different types of biomaterials, natural excipients Okra mucilage (MNP) is economic and has the potential for controlled drug delivery. We have synthesized MNPs by co-precipitation method and characterized them by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, UV-Vis spectra and DLS. Despite their potential anti-cancer activity, solubility of curcumin, piperine, thymoquinone is very low rendering its limit in application. We have used MNPs where the natural compounds like curcumin, piperine, thymoquinone can be loaded comfortably and thereby increases its bioavailability. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles were evaluated against pathogenic bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity of curcumin ,piperine, thymoquinone encapsulated MNPs was evaluated on triple negative breast cancer cell lines. They were found to induce apoptosis by perturbing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Folic acid was conjugated to curcumin, piperine, thymoquinone encapsulated MNPs, for delivering it specifically to the breast cancer cells. The antimicrobial and anticancer potential of conjugated and non conjugated MNP were assessed by various in vitro cellular assays. Our present study confirms that these functionacan be used as a dual therapeutic option for combating pathogenic microbial strains and triple negative breast cancer cell.

The application of natural polysaccharides in novel drug delivery systems to deliver the bioactive agents has been hampered by the synthetic polymers. The main benefits of the natural polysaccharides are their biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, abundant and economic. Because of the advances in drug delivery technology, natural polysaccharides are included in novel drug delivery to fulfill multitask functions and in some cases directly or indirectly control the extent and/or rate of drug release. Substantial research efforts have been directed towards developing safe and efficient natural based polysaccharide particulate drug delivery systems. The present work outlines the natural based okra mucilage and their isolation, purification, standardization and characterization along with their biological applications are covered.

Interactions of plants with nanoparticles ( NPs) include uptake, translocation and accumulation of NPs, depending on the nature of plant species as well as the shape, size, type, chemical composition, functionalization and stability of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). Most of the studies deal with negative effect on growth and development of seedlings. So far, germination, biomass assay, antimicrobial, anatomical as well as few histological studies has been done by using varieties of ENPs. This interaction is very important as the NPs which are stored within the plants; get transferred from plants (producers) to animals (consumers).

Research shows that not only the negative aspect, but NPs can have great impact on positive aspects on different fields, of which we highlight mainly on the agricultural sector.