Record-breaking rainfall associated with Typhoon Hagibis (Typhoon No.19) in October 2019 caused extensive damage over a wide area in eastern Japan. In Higashi-Matsuyama City, (Saitama, Japan), rivers overflowed, damaging a total of 770 homes. In addition, issues in realizing safe evacuation, such as delays in evacuation and insufficient capacity of evacuation shelters (including parking lots), were brought to light. The objective of this study is to determine what factors help achieve safe evacuation. In this study, a questionnaire survey on evacuation behavior was conducted, and a model analysis was conducted on whether or not horizontal evacuation was implemented and the timing of the implementation of evacuation, respectively. It was suggested that recognition of the risk of disaster in one's home leads to early implementation of evacuation actions.

Increase of global concentration of atmospheric CO2 is not stopping at all, and due to that increase extreme events, such as heavy rain and drought, or health problems resulting from heat in the summer, have become more intense in society over the world. Global crisis such as climate change and biodiversity loss are now urgent issues in our world. In order to realize sustainable future academic society should be responsible for developing new scheme to transform our world with new science and technology together with society.

Any one single academic discipline may not solve wicked problems. There are growing needs to integrate fragmented science and technology and to implement their outcomes in real society. Transdisciplinary approach is a way to integrate science and technology together, and to implement their outcomes in society. In the last ten years research programs named SATREPS, Future Earth (FE) and Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) for SDGs have started as international joint programs.

The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) program, which was started 15years ago in cooperation with the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), aims to develop transdisciplinary approach discovering pathways toward the solution of the partner countries’ problems through collaboration between science and technology and society in the counter-country. One of the features in SATREPS is to involve stakeholders from outside of academia for decision making and policy making from the beginning stage of research planning. It enables to encourage discussions between scientists and policy makers for implementing new tools in society.

Also, in the FE program which is an international joint research program funded by the Belmont Forum (an assembly of unions of research organizations and research funding agencies from all over the world), it has been proposed that not only should researchers be involved but also interested parties and related organizations in the field concerned should be involved as stakeholders from the planning stage of research in order to implement research results in society.

The background behind the establishment of the SATREPS and the FE program was the perception that science programs so far have been contributing new findings through papers and reports but have not always found specific solutions to the wicked problems in real society. To solve actual global problems, some sort of new mechanism needed be built to link traditional curiosity-driven studies and social challenges.

In this presentation SATREPS and FE programs are surveyed and the methodologies in these programs to link science and technology with society are investigated in order to find possibility of transdisciplinary approach for finding solutions in the wicked problems, and to investigate a pathway towards one-health-one-world. In particular, customization and commonization (generalization) of science and technology in different areas or countries is introduced in transdisciplinary approach.

India has about 305 million houses as per 2011 Census 2011 of India [MHA, 2011]. The decadal increase in the housing stock over the last five decades is ~18–25%. India’s Housing challenge today is larger than ever before. Two challenges that gaze at India today are: (a) Over 30 million houses need to be built to address the housing shortage, and (b) India needs to accommodate the rural to urban migration, projected to do a flip of Urban:Rural population ratio from 30:70 today to 70:30 by 2035. This rural to urban migration will seek the urban areas to grow by about 2.3 times in its housing requirement alone; many towns will grow into cities, and cities into mega polis. Thus, India needs a plan and diligent implementation of the same.

To begin with, India needs to put in place systems and processes that address not only the current shortage of housing, but also the likely behavioral changes in the people of India and the additional urban housing. Strategies of employing a purely contractor driven system without the engagement of the people of India may not suffice. In this regard, 5 inter-dependent actions are needed to strengthen India’s housing development effort (Figure 1). These five actions are in the directions of Typologies, Safety, Human Resources, Practice and Policy.

Machine learning models have great impact on many fields of applications nowadays. This study discusses a study of unsupervised learning approaches, namely Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify modal parameters, i.e., natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. They are also known as non-parametric algorithms. The concept behind is that the modal responses can be considered as the source signals and they are independent of each other. The numerical simulations on the 3-DoF structure are carried out under free vibrations to illustrate the performances and limitations of the proposed approaches. The estimated modal responses are investigated in both time domain and frequency domain. In addition, Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) is used to indicate the consistent between mode shapes.

This paper highlights the way of rapid mapping of the flood-inundated area from water level and digital elevation model without the need for technical expertise or sophisticated data. An observed flood map produced by interpolation of water level of satellite stations and stations from the Department of Metrology and Hydrology (DMH) along the river by smoothing the observed depth value by a regressive method with flood-survey marks. A simulated flood map was also developed from unsteady flow analysis using daily discharge data from DMH. The accuracy assessments of flood extension were done for both observed and simulated maps with remote sensing flood extension. When these two flood extension areas are compared with remote sensing flood extension, it can be seen that the accuracy of the observed flood extension area is better than the simulated one. It was found that the correlation between the observed depth and the simulated data was satisfactory. The observed flood map can generate rapidly from water level data and assume the maximum flood extend area and depth for the disaster response plan.

Model updating is the modification of a numerical model of a structural system such that the response of the modified numerical model becomes consistent with the experimental (real-world) results. In this paper, we have updated the structural model using eigenvalues/vectors sensitivity to get the stiffness parameters for three idealized shear frames of 4, 7, and 10-storey reinforced concrete (RC) frames using limited operational modal data. The model updating is performed varying the damping of the structure (1-5%), no. of modes of the structure (2-3), and no. of measured degree of freedoms (few to all dofs). The result obtained from this operational modal data is compared with the result obtained using modal data obtained from eigenvalue analysis.

Multicriteria comparison in different proportions method for risk allocation combines the advantages of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to a certain extent. It retains the rater's attitude towards each criteria, and fully considers the feasibility of different schemes from the perspective of concordance and discordance to increase the scientificity of decision-making. It is flexible and convenient to operate.

The failure of a road along a canal is called canal-side road failure, which has occurred annually, especially in the area where is located on soft ground. Due to the drought, the water level rapidly decreased, which is directly affecting to the canal-side road failure. Therefore, the rapid drawdown condition is an important consideration in the design of canal slopes.
The utilization of a geophysical survey, which is a resistivity survey, can be used to identify the subsoil layer based on the concept of moisture content of the soil in the investigation area with a wide area and undisturbed conditions. On the other hand, many civil engineers lack the knowledge and experience to understand the resistivity-survey results. Due to the limitation of the geophysical surveys, screw driving sounding (SDS) test, which was developed in Japan, was proposed to investigate the soil parameters at the site investigation such as layer thickness and soil strength.
The study aimed to evaluate a canal-side road failure in a soft ground area, which was achieved by combining the results of site investigation data from a resistivity survey combined with undrained shear strength parameter from SDS test. Moreover, the effectiveness of the combining site investigation was confirmed by using the 2-dimensional (2-D) finite element software because it can simulate the soil behavior in the site investigation, which were similar detail and assumption, which were closely related to soil behavior in the site investigation.
Consequently, it was confirmed that the results from the resistivity survey can be used to identify the weak zones of failure location, while the results from the SDS test can be used to estimate the shear strength parameter and evaluated the soil layer thickness. The results of the stability of the canal side road in the failure zone and stability zone under low- and high-water levels conditions from 2-D FEM software can be used to confirm that soil layer thickness from the resistivity survey was successfully mapped with the shear strength parameter from the SDS test.

Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally, predominantly affecting children in developing countries. The incidence of many diarrhoeal diseases shows clear seasonality suggesting that weather factors could play a role. Previous studies have projected diarrheal excess deaths due to climate change. This talk will discuss the updated projection of the excess diarrheal deaths due to climate change and potential explanations why seasonal variations could be produced.

Ninety percent of the building in Nepal practice open stories on the ground floor for commercial shutters/ parking and close the upper floors with infill masonry for residential purposes. During earthquakes, these buildings collapse on the open floor due to a sudden reduction in stiffness on that floor. Various retrofitting techniques like steel jacketing, carbon fiber wrapping, and base isolation, are implied to improve the performance of these buildings however these methods are not economically feasible. On the other hand, the solutions suggested by many building codes or indices do not give a satisfactory level of performance. In this paper, a mechanistic model, which can identify the extent of the damage of an existing soft story building is defined as an index defined by authors as a soft story index (SSI). Static pushover analysis (SPO) was used to compare the performance of a soft story frame i.e. (subject structure) to that of a uniformly infilled RC frame i.e. (baseline structure). As the baseline structure is uniformly infilled on all the floors, it is considered an ideal frame that does not have a soft story phenomenon. A ratio between the fundamental frequency of the subject structure and the baseline structure is defined in this paper to be the soft story index (SSI). The SSI value ranges from 0 to 1 with the value 1 being the ideal case to avoid a soft story and with the reduction in the value of SSI the structure would have a higher chance of having the soft story phenomenon. Furthermore, in this paper, the SSI index is used to improve the performance of a typical frame through retrofitting and the dynamic behavior of the structure is analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis (SSI) to verify the developed index is applicable to improve the soft story problem in a structure.