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Developing potentiometric PVC-plasticized sensors for Sc3+
* 1, 2 , 2 , 2 , * 1 , 2 , * 2
1  Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2  Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9
Academic Editor: Núria Serrano

https://doi.org/10.3390/CSAC2021-10446 (registering DOI)
Abstract:

Nowadays scandium is widely used in high-tech fields such as electronics, aerospace, optics, catalysis, and metallurgical industries due to its unique physical, chemical, electric and magnetic characteristics. With the growth of miscellaneous commercial applications of this element and its compounds, monitoring of scandium in technological processes is in demand and thereby making it interesting in the analytical chemistry area. Different conventional analytical methods have been employed to measure scandium, and the most often applied are ICP-MS and ICP-AES. Despite the high precision and sensitivity of these tools, serious drawbacks including sophisticated and time-consuming analysis limit their wide use. On the other hand, potentiometric sensors possess merits over these conventional analytical methods due to their cost-effectiveness and reagent-free procedures as well as their reasonable precision and rapid response time. Potentiometric sensors based on polymeric membranes are routinely used to measure different cations and anions, but no study has yet been carried out for scandium sensors. This research is devoted to the development of Sc3+ potentiometric sensors. A series of potentiometric electrodes with polymer plasticized membranes was prepared using different neutral ligands adopted from liquid extraction of rare earth metals as sensing components. These ligands include phosphine oxides and diamides of various organic acids. The membranes also contained poly(vinylchloride) as polymeric matrix, o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a solvent-plasticizer, and chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide or fluorinated tetraphenyl borate derivatives as cation-exchangers. Most sensors exhibited Nernstian or super-Nernstian response towards Sc3+ across the concentration range (10-5 – 10-3 M) with a low detection limit of about 0.4 mg/l in acidic media (pH=2). Interferences from other rare earth metals were measured by the separate solution method, and most of the proposed sensors were found to be more selective towards Sc3+. Reproducible, stable, and precise results for sensing properties of the developed sensors imply the relevance of using these instruments for scandium quantification in real technological solutions.

Keywords: potentiometric sensors; scandium measurement; neutral ionophores; rare earth metals

 
 
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